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Banbury

Coordinates: 52°03′40″N 1°20′10″W / 52.061°N 1.336°W / 52.061; -1.336
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Banbury (disambiguation).

Banbury
Market town
Banbury is located in Oxfordshire
Banbury
Banbury
Location within Oxfordshire
Area21.04 km2 (8.12 sq mi)
Population54,335 (Parish, 2021)[1]
52,045 (Built up area, 2021)[2]
OS grid referenceSP4540
• London64 mi (103 km) SE
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBANBURY
Postcode districtOX16
Dialling code01295
PoliceThames Valley
FireOxfordshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
Websitewww.banbury.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
Oxfordshire
52°03′40″N 1°20′10″W / 52.061°N 1.336°W / 52.061; -1.336

Banbury is an historic market town and civil parish on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. The parish had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area of north Oxfordshire and southern parts of Warwickshire and Northamptonshire which are predominantly rural. Banbury's main industries are motorsport, car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing and printing. Banbury is home to the world's largest coffee-processing facility (Jacobs Douwe Egberts), built in 1964. The town is famed for Banbury cakes, a spiced sweet pastry.

Banbury is located 64 miles (103 km) north-west of London, 37 miles (60 km) south-east of Birmingham, 27 miles (43 km) south-east of Coventry and 22 miles (35 km) north-west of Oxford.

Toponymy

[edit]

The name Banbury may derive from "Banna", a Saxon chieftain said to have built a stockade there in the 6th century (or possibly a byname from Old English: bana meaning felon, murderer[3]), and burgh / burh meaning settlement.[4][5] In Anglo Saxon it was called Banesburh (dative Banesbyrig).[6][7] The name appears as Banesberie in the Domesday Book of 1086.[6][7] Another known spelling was Banesebury in medieval times.

History

[edit]
Main article: History of Banbury
People's Park in 2001
Banbury's oldest pub, the Reindeer Inn

Archaeological evidence has been found for a British Iron Age settlement with circular buildings, dating back to 200 BC, in the Hennef Way area. Later there was a Roman villa at Wykham Park.[6][8]

The area was settled by the Saxons around the late 5th century.[6] In about 556 Banbury was the scene of a battle between the local Anglo-Saxons of Cynric and Ceawlin, and the local Romano-British. It was a local centre for Anglo-Saxon settlement by the mid-6th century.[6] Banbury developed in the Anglo-Saxon period[8] under Danish influence, starting in the late 6th century. It was assessed at 50 hides in the Domesday survey and was then held by the Bishop of Lincoln.

The Saxons built Banbury on the west bank of the River Cherwell. On the opposite bank they built Grimsbury, which was formerly part of Northamptonshire. Another district, Neithrop, is one of the oldest areas in Banbury, having first been recorded as a hamlet in the 13th century.[9][10]

Banbury stands at the junction of two ancient roads: Salt Way (used as a bridle path to the west and south of the town), its primary use being transport of salt; and Banbury Lane, which began near Northampton and is closely followed by the modern 22-mile-long (35 km) road. It continued through what is now Banbury's High Street and towards the Fosse Way at Stow-on-the-Wold. Banbury's medieval prosperity was based on wool.

Banbury Castle was built from 1135 by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, and survived into the Civil War in the 1640s, when it was besieged.[11]

During the Civil War, due to its proximity to Oxford, the King's capital, Banbury was at one stage a Royalist town, but the inhabitants were known to be strongly Puritan. The town later became pro-Parliamentarian, but the castle was manned by a Royalist garrison who supported King Charles I. The Reindeer Inn (now 'Ye Olde Reine Deer Inn') was reputedly used as a base by Oliver Cromwell, particularly in preparing for the Battle of Edge Hill in 1642.[12][13] In 1645, Parliamentary troops were billeted in nearby Hanwell for nine weeks and villagers petitioned the Warwickshire Committee of Accounts to pay for feeding them.[14] The castle was demolished after the war.[15]

The modern Castle Quay Shopping Centre alongside the Oxford Canal, with Banbury Museum in the background
Banbury's 'Fine Lady' Statue.

The opening of the Oxford Canal from Hawkesbury Junction to Banbury on 30 March 1778 gave the town a cheap and reliable supply of Warwickshire coal.[16] In 1787 the Oxford Canal was extended southwards,[17] finally opening to Oxford on 1 January 1790.[18] The canal's main boat yard was the original outlay of today's Tooley's Boatyard.[19] The railway reached Banbury in 1850; Merton Street station on the Buckinghamshire Railway to Bletchley opened in May 1850, followed by Bridge Street station, later renamed Banbury General, on the Great Western Railway in September 1850.[20]

People's Park was set up as a private park in 1890 and opened in 1910, along with the adjacent bowling green.

The land south of the New Foscote Hospital in Calthorpe and Easington Farm were mostly open farmland until the early 1960s.[21] The Ruscote estate, which now has a notable South Asian community, was expanded in the 1950s because of the growth of the town due to the London overspill and further grew in the mid-1960s.

British Railways closed Merton Street railway station and the Buckingham to Banbury line to passenger traffic at the end of 1960. Merton Street goods depot continued to handle livestock traffic for Banbury's cattle market until 1966, when this too was discontinued and the railway dismantled. In March 1962 Sir John Betjeman celebrated the line from Culworth Junction in his poem Great Central Railway, Sheffield Victoria to Banbury. British Railways closed this line too in 1966.

The main railway station, previously called Banbury General but now called simply Banbury, is now served by trains running from London Paddington via Reading and Oxford once daily, from London Marylebone via High Wycombe and Bicester onwards to Birmingham and Kidderminster and by CrossCountry Trains from Bournemouth and Reading to Birmingham, Manchester and Newcastle.

Banbury used to have a large cattle market.[22] Situated on Merton Street in Grimsbury, for many decades, cattle and other farm animals were driven there on the hoof from as far as Scotland to be sold to feed the growing population of London and other towns. Since its closure in June 1998, a new housing development and Dashwood Primary School has been built on its site. The estate, which lies between Banbury and Hanwell, was built on the grounds of Hanwell Farm during 2005 and 2006.

Banburyshire

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The name 'Banburyshire' is sometimes used informally to describe the area centred on Banbury, claimed to include parts of Northamptonshire and Warwickshire as well as north Oxfordshire. Use of the term dates from the early to mid 19th century. It was common in the 19th century for market towns in England to describe their hinterland by tacking "shire" onto the town's name.[23] "Stones Map of Banburyshire" held by the Centre of Banbury Studies was published in the 1870s or 1880s[24] and it asserted that the term originated in the 1830s[25] but no source is given for that assertion. In the 1850s magazine articles used "Banburyshire" or the hyphenated term "Banbury-shire".[26] The Banburyshire Natural History Society was formed in 1881.[27] In the 20th century a number of books used the term "Banburyshire" in their titles, dating from the early 1960s.[28][29][30][31]

The county of Oxfordshire has two main commercial centres, the city of Oxford itself that serves most of the south of the county, and Banbury that serves the north (such as Adderbury, Cropredy, Deddington, Wroxton, Great Bourton, and Bloxham) plus parts of the neighbouring counties of Northamptonshire and Warwickshire.[25][32][33][34][35]

Governance

[edit]

There are three tiers of local government covering Banbury, at civil parish (town), district, and county level: Banbury Town Council, Cherwell District Council, and Oxfordshire County Council. The town council is based at Banbury Town Hall on Bridge Street.[36]

Administrative history

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Further information: History of Banbury, Oxfordshire

Banbury was an ancient parish. The parish historically straddled the boundary between Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire, which followed the River Cherwell. The Oxfordshire part of the parish (west of the river) included the town itself and the hamlets of Neithrop, Calthorpe, Easington, Hardwick, and Wykham. The Northamptonshire part of the parish (east of the river) included the hamlets of Grimsbury and Nethercote.[37][38]

The town was a seigneurial borough in the middle ages, controlled by the Bishop of Lincoln as lord of the manor.[39] In January 1554, Mary I issued a charter which incorporated the town as a borough and also made it a parliamentary borough (constituency). Mary's charter defined a borough boundary matching the parish, but the borough later came to be defined as a much smaller area, just covering the urban area as it then was.[40] Under the 1554 charter, the town was governed by a corporation comprising a bailiff and twelve aldermen, and parliamentary elections were overseen by the High Steward of Banbury. A subsequent charter in 1608 replaced the bailiff with a mayor, with the first known mayor being Thomas Webb.[41][39][42]

The borough corporation had a relatively significant role in running the town when first created, but gradually lost functions, particularly during the 18th century. By the early 19th century the corporation's main functions were holding certain courts and running parliamentary elections.[39] As such, a separate body of improvement commissioners was established in 1825 to maintain the streets within the borough.[43]

In 1832, the parliamentary borough was enlarged to cover the whole parish.[44] The borough was reformed to become a municipal borough in 1836 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Whilst the parliamentary borough had been enlarged to cover the whole parish, the municipal borough kept the old boundaries, despite the urban area having grown beyond them in several places.[45] A plan to expand the municipal boundaries was drawn up in 1837, but was not implemented.[46]

The town's improvement commissioners continued to operate alongside the borough corporation until 1852, when the whole parish was made a local board district. The local board took on the functions of the abolished commissioners, and also had powers relating to sewers, public health, and other aspects of local government.[47] The borough corporation and the local board then existed alongside each other, with their differently defined areas and roles, until 1889.[39]

From the 17th century onwards, parishes were gradually given various civil functions under the poor laws, in addition to their original ecclesiastical functions. In some cases, including Banbury, the civil functions were exercised by subdivisions of the parish rather than the parish as a whole.[48] In Banbury's case, the parish was split into three parts for administering the poor laws: the area of the borough, the remainder of the Oxfordshire part of the parish (known as the township of Neithrop), and the Northamptonshire part of the parish. The latter part was jointly administered with the neighbouring parish of Warkworth.[49][38] In 1866, the legal definition of 'parish' was changed to be the areas used for administering the poor laws, and so the old ecclesiastical parish of Banbury (which retained its church functions) diverged from the civil parishes of Banbury (just covering the borough), Neithrop and Warkworth.[50]

By 1889, Banbury was one of only fourteen towns in England which still had a separate borough corporation and local board. The Local Government Act 1888 directed that urban sanitary districts which straddled county boundaries (as the Banbury local board district did) were to be placed entirely in the county which had the majority of the district's population. The 1888 Act also required the remaining cases where the borough corporation was not the urban sanitary authority to be resolved.[51] As such, Grimsbury and Nethercote were transferred from Northamptonshire to Oxfordshire with effect from 1 April 1889, in order to bring the whole district into Oxfordshire. Seven months later, on 9 November 1889, the local board's functions transferred to the borough corporation, and the borough was enlarged to cover the whole of the old local board district.[52][53]

Former Mechanics' Institute, Marlborough Road: Borough council's headquarters 1930–1974

The 1889 reforms did not affect civil parish boundaries, and so after 1889 Warkworth parish straddled Northamptonshire and the borough of Banbury in Oxfordshire. The Local Government Act 1894 directed that parishes could no longer straddle borough or county boundaries, and so a new civil parish of Grimsbury was created in 1894 for the part of Warkworth within the borough.[54] The three civil parishes within the borough were then Banbury, Neithrop and Grimsbury; they were classed as urban parishes and so were directly administered by the borough council rather than having their own parish councils. The three parishes were united into a single parish of Banbury covering the same area as the borough in 1932.[55] The borough council met at Banbury Town Hall until 1930, when it moved its offices and meetings to the former Mechanics' Institute on Marlborough Road.[56]

The municipal borough of Banbury was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, with its area becoming part of the new Cherwell district.[57][58]

No parish council for Banbury was created at the time of the 1974 reforms and so it became unparished; instead, the Cherwell councillors who represented wards in Banbury acted as charter trustees to preserve the town's civic traditions, including appointing one of them to take the title of mayor each year. One such mayor, Angela Billingham (mayor in 1976), later went into national politics. A number of roads are named after former mayors, including Mascord Road, Mold Crescent and Fairfax Close.[42] A new civil parish of Banbury was created in 2000, with its parish council taking the name Banbury Town Council. Since then, the chair of the town council has taken the title of mayor.[59]

Geography

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Map of Banbury

Banbury is in the Cherwell Valley with many hills in and around the town. Apart from the town centre, much of Banbury is on a slope and each entry into the town is downhill. Estates such as Bretch Hill and Hardwick are built on top of a hill and much of the town can be seen from both. Other notable hills include the suburban, Crouch Hill and the more central Pinn Hill, and Strawberry Hill on the outskirts of Easington. Mine Hill and Rye Hill lie, along with many others, to the northeast, southeast and west of Banbury.

Banbury is located at the bank of the River Cherwell which sweeps through the town, going just east of the town centre with Grimsbury being the only estate east of the river. Banbury is at the northern extreme of the UK's South East England region, less than two miles (3 km) from the boundary with the East Midlands, and three miles (5 km) from that with the West Midlands. As such it has close cultural links with neighbouring Midlands towns such as Stratford-upon-Avon, Leamington Spa, and Warwick.

In 1998 and 2007, Banbury was subject to heavy flooding due to its location by the River Cherwell. Heavy clay and Ironstone deposits surround Banbury.[60]

Industry and commerce

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Main article: History of Banbury
Banbury High Street.
Banbury Market Place.

The Domesday Book in 1086 listed three mills, with a total fiscal value of 45 shillings, on the Bishop of Lincoln's demesne lands, and a fourth which was leased to Robert son of Waukelin by the Bishop. Among Banbury's four Medieval mills was probably a forerunner of Banbury Mill, first referred to by this name in 1695.[61] In 1279, Laurence of Hardwick was also paying 3 marks (equivalent to 40 shillings) in annual rent to the Bishop for a mill in the then Hardwick hamlet.[61] The forerunners of Butchers Row were probably long standing butchers' stalls which were known to be in situ by 1438.[61] The old Victorian Corn Exchange is now used as an entrance to a shopping centre.[62]

The Northern Aluminium Co. Ltd. or Alcan Industries Ltd. pig and rolled aluminium factory was opened in 1931 on land acquired in 1929 on the east of the Southam road, in the then hamlet of Hardwick. The various Alcan facilities on the 53-acre site closed between 2006 and 2007.[61] The factory was demolished between 2008 and 2009. The laboratory was also closed in 2004 and is now used as offices for numerous companies.[61][63][64][65][66] Another major employer is Jacobs Douwe Egberts, which produces instant coffee. The facility moved to Banbury from Birmingham in 1965.[61]

In the central area were built many large shops, a bus station, and a large car park north of Castle Street. In 1969 proposals for the redevelopment of the central area were in hand, leading to the creation of the Castle shopping centre in 1977 (the centre was later combined into the Castle Quay centre). The 1977 plans to build a multi-storey car park on what is now the open air car park behind Matalan and Poundland were scrapped in 1978 and another one was built to the rear of the Castle Shopping Centre in 1978.[56]

The former Hunt Edmunds brewery premises became Crest Hotels headquarters, but closed in the late 1970s and was abandoned in the late 1980s, while the Crown Hotel and the Foremost Tyres/Excel Exhausts shops found new owners after they closed in 1976 due to falling sales. Hella, a vehicle electronics firm, closed its factory on the Southam Road in the mid-2000s. The ironmonger, Hoods, opened in the mid-1960s and closed in 2007, with the shop becoming part of the then enlarged Marks and Spencer.

Motorsport

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Owing to the surrounding area's notable links with world motorsport, the town is home to many well known organisations within the industry. Prodrive, one of the world's largest motorsport and automotive technology specialists, is based in the town as are a host of race teams involved in competition across many different disciplines and countries.

Within Formula One, two teams have had their base of operations in Banbury. The Simtek team which competed in the 1994 and 1995 F1 World Championships was based on the Wildmere Industrial Estate. The Marussia F1 team had its manufacturing and production facility sited on Thorpe Way Industrial Estate using the building formerly owned by Ascari Cars, a luxury sports car manufacturer. Both Simtek and Marussia F1 had been brought to Banbury by Nick Wirth who owned the Simtek team and was the former Technical Director at Marussia. After Marussia F1 went into administration in 2014, their base was purchased by the United States–based Haas F1 Team to service their cars during the European races.[67]

Until 2017, when the team went into administration and subsequently folded, Manor Racing (the successor to Marussia) was based in the town.

Arden Motorsport, a British multi-formula motorsports team (founded by Red Bull Racing boss Christian Horner), is also based in the town.

Employment

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Banbury has one of the UK's lowest unemployment rates, as of April 2016 it stood at 0.7%.[68] Once Poland joined the European Union in 2004, a number of Banbury-based employment agencies began advertising for staff in major Polish newspapers. In 2006 one estimate placed between 5,000 and 6,000 Poles in the town. With the influx of the largely Roman Catholic Poles, one local church was offering a Mass said partially in Polish and specialist Polish food shops had opened.[69]

Companies and charities

[edit]
The Jacobs Douwe Egberts factory in Banbury has been a major employer in the town since the mid-1960s.

Jacobs Douwe Egberts, in the Ruscote ward of Banbury, is a large food and coffee producing factory.[70] It was built in 1964 and has gone through a number of ownership changes since. It is still sometimes known by its previous names of Bird's, Kraft and General Foods or GF.

Cattle market

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Banbury was once home to Western Europe's largest cattle market, on Merton Street in Grimsbury. The market was a key feature of Victorian life in the town and county. It was formally closed in June 1998, after being abandoned several years earlier and was replaced with a new housing development and Dashwood Primary School.[6]

Transport

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Railway

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Banbury railway station

Banbury railway station is served by three train operating companies:

Buses and coaches

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A Stagecoach in Oxfordshire bus in Bridge Street, on route B7 to Neithrop

The town's bus routes are operated primarily by Stagecoach in Oxfordshire both within the town and linking it with Brackley, Chipping Norton, Oxford and places further afield including Daventry, Leamington Spa and Stratford-upon-Avon.[74]

Roads

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Hennef Way (A422) was upgraded to a dual carriageway, easing traffic on the heavily congested road and providing north Banbury and the town centre with higher-capacity links to the M40 motorway.

Canal

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The Oxford Canal is a popular place for pleasure trips and tourism. The canal's main boatyard is now the listed site Tooley's Boatyard.[19]

Media

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The Banbury Guardian is published weekly on Thursdays by Johnston Press, is priced for sale and is a tabloid. The Banbury Cake was formerly a free newspaper:[75] its print edition ceased publication in 2017 and its website subsequently also closed.

Regional TV news is provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian. Television signals received from the Oxford TV transmitter, [76] although some parts of the town get a better TV signal from the local relay transmitter which is served by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central. [77]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Oxford, Heart South, and Capital Mid-Counties. Banbury Music Radio was a local Internet radio station.

Places of interest

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Banbury Cross

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The 'Fine Lady' statue and Banbury Cross. The cross was designed by John Gibbs and erected in 1859.

At one time Banbury had many crosses (the High Cross, the Bread Cross and the White Cross), but these were destroyed by Puritans in 1600.[8][78] Banbury remained without a cross for more than 250 years until the current Banbury Cross was erected in 1859 at the centre of the town to commemorate the marriage of Victoria, Princess Royal (eldest child of Queen Victoria) to Prince Frederick of Prussia.[56] The current Banbury Cross is a stone, spire-shaped monument decorated in Gothic form. Statues of Queen Victoria, Edward VII and George V were added in 1914 to commemorate the coronation of George V. The cross is 52 feet 6 inches (16 m) high, and topped by a gilt cross. Towns with crosses in England before the reformation were places of Christian pilgrimage.

The English nursery rhyme "Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross", in its several forms, may refer to one of the crosses destroyed by Puritans in 1600.[78] In April 2005, Princess Anne unveiled a large bronze statue depicting the Fine Lady upon a White Horse of the nursery rhyme.[79] It stands on the corner of West Bar and South Bar, just yards from the present Banbury Cross.

[edit]
Main article: Banbury Museum

Banbury has a museum in the town centre near Spiceball Park, replacing the old museum near Banbury Cross.[80] It is accessible over a bridge from the Castle Quay Shopping Centre or via Spiceball Park Road. Admission to the museum is free. The town's tourist information centre is located in the museum entrance in the Castle Quay Shopping Centre.

Tooley's Boatyard

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Tooley's Boatyard was built in 1778 and is a historic site with a nearly 250-year-old blacksmiths' shop and narrow boat dry dock.

Spiceball Centre and Park

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Spiceball centre in 2010

Spiceball Park is the largest park in Banbury. It is east of the Oxford Canal, mainly west of the River Cherwell, north of Castle Quay and south of Hennef Way. It includes three large fields, a children's play area and a skateboard park. Across the road from the main park there is the sports centre, which includes a swimming pool, courts, café and gym facilities. The sports centre began to be re-developed in late 2009, for a new centre and café, which was completed by mid 2010.

Other recreational areas and parks

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Neithrop is home to the People's Park which opened in 1910, and has a bird house, tennis courts, a large field and a children's play area. The park is often used in the summer to hold small festivals. The park is also one of the town's biggest in terms of the area covered and one of the few major ones not to be built on a steep hill. Easington Recreation Ground is another principal park and recreational area.

Notable place names

[edit]
Plaque at bridge 164 on the Oxford Canal, Banbury
  • Since 1999 bridge 164 on the Oxford Canal in Banbury has borne Tom Rolt's name in commemoration of his book Narrow Boat (as does the Tom Rolt Centre at the Ellesmere Port section of the National Waterways Museum). A blue plaque commemorating Rolt was unveiled at Tooley's Boatyard, Banbury on 7 August 2010 as part of the centenary celebrations of his birth.[81]
  • Concorde Avenue was named in a 1995 street naming contest in honour of the 50 years' peace (1945–1995) in Europe since the Second World War.
  • Claypits Close was built in about 2007 and named after the old clay pit on which it was built. There were many small, Victorian clay pits and kilns in the south west of Banbury, but they had closed by the 1920s.
  • Gillett Road was named after either Joseph Ashby Gillett, who ran Banbury's branch of 18th century Britain's New Bank, or his descendant Sarah Beatrice Gillett, who was mayor in 1926.

Education

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One of the campuses of Activate Learning, Banbury and Bicester College, as well as one of the international campuses of Fairleigh Dickinson University at Wroxton Abbey are situated in Banbury. The town also has four secondary schools – North Oxfordshire Academy, Wykham Park Academy, Space Studio Banbury and Blessed George Napier Roman Catholic School – and a number of primary schools. Independent schools in Banbury include Tudor Hall and Al-Madina School.

Religion

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St Mary's parish church, built in the 1790s to replace a Medieval predecessor

In 1377 a pardon was given to a Welshman, who was wanted for killing another Welshman, after the accused person had taken sanctuary in St Mary's parish church.[61][82] The Neithrop district of Banbury was the scene of rioting in 1589 after Neithrop's maypole was destroyed by Puritans.[83]

Reverend William Whateley (1583–1639), whose father was several times bailiff or mayor of Banbury, was a notable Banbury vicar, who was instituted in 1610 but had already been a 'lecturer' there for some years. In 1626 Whateley refused communion to his own brother, who had been presented for religious incompetence.[clarification needed] A report by the church wardens in 1619 said he was a well liked and tolerant priest.[84] The Quaker meeting house by the town centre lane called 'The Leys' was built between 1748 and 1750.[85] In 1838, the Catholic St John the Evangelist Church was built, parts of it were designed by Augustus Pugin and it is a Grade II listed building.[86]

Demographics

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At the 2021 census there were 54,335 residents in the parish of Banbury, up from 46,853 in the 2011 census, and 41,801 in the 2001 census.[1] The built up area (as defined by the Office for National Statistics) had a population of 52,045 in 2021.[2]

In terms of ethnicity in 2021:[1]

  • 84.3% of Banbury residents were White
  • 8.8% were Asian
  • 2.3% were Black
  • 3.1% were Mixed.
  • 1.2% were from another ethnic group.

In terms of religion, 50.6% of Banbury residents identified as Christian, 40.0% said they had no religion, 6.9% were Muslim, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.6% were Sikh, 0.6% were Buddhists, and 0.6% were from another religion.[1]

Sport

[edit]

Banbury has several sporting clubs, most notably Banbury United football club. There are also rugby (Banbury RUFC), canoeing, golf, running, triathlon and cricket clubs. These clubs represent a variety of age groups, and play at varying levels, from amateur to national. Banbury United F.C. was first formed as Spencer Villa in 1931 and their home matches played at Middleton Road. At this time it was essentially a works club. In 1934, they changed their name to Banbury Spencer and moved to the Spencer Stadium.

Banbury and District Golf Club (now defunct) was founded in 1904. The club disappeared in the mid-1920s.[87] A greyhound racing track was opened during the summer of 1951, one mile (1.6 km) north of Banbury town centre on the east side of Southam Road. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.[88] The racing lasted until the latter part of 1954.[89]

American Haas F1 Team European forward base of operation is located in Banbury after the collapse of Marussia F1. Manor Racing formerly based in Banbury until the team went into administration in 2016. A number of other motor racing teams have been based in and around Banbury, including Prodrive, Mahindra Racing, Simtek and Virgin Racing.

Twinning

[edit]

Banbury is twinned with:

Twinning in Banbury began on 26 October 1978, at a public meeting held at the Post-Graduate Education Centre, and called on the initiative of the late Councillor Ron Smith, the then Town Mayor of Banbury. Initial visits between Banbury and Ermont in 1979, and for a long time after there was a period of informal relationship before a formal agreement was signed in 1982. Contact was first made with Hennef about a possible agreement in October 1980 and within a year the formal agreement was signed.[92] As a consequence of this, two roads in Banbury (Hennef Way and Ermont Way) have been named after the two towns. Likewise a former Railway station square in Hennef has been named Banburyplatz.

Notable people

[edit]

Arms

[edit]
Coat of arms of Banbury
Notes
Granted to the former borough council, 28 August 1951.[101]
Crest
On a wreath of the colours mounted upon a horse passant Argent caparisoned Or and Gules a lady in Tudor costume Proper.
Escutcheon
Azure a sun in his splendour Or on a chief Ermine a castle of two towers between two pairs of swords points upwards in saltire Gules.
Supporters
On either side an Ox Gules armed and unguled Or gorged with a Collar Argent charged with a Bar wavy Azure.
Motto
Dominus Nobis Sol Et Scutum (The Lord Is Our Sun And Shield)

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Banbury parish". City Population. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021". Census 2021. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  3. ^ "Banbury, Name Meaning & Banbury, Family History at Ancestry.co.uk". www.ancestry.co.uk. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  4. ^ A History of Banbury by Tim Lambert, localhistories.org
  5. ^ "Oxford – Places – Banbury". BBC. 22 April 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "The history of Banbury, Oxfordshire". Information-britain.co.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  7. ^ a b About Banbury Archived 23 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Rotary Club of Banbury
  8. ^ a b c "A history of Banbury and the Banbury Cross explained". Banbury-cross.co.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  9. ^ Crossley et al., 1972, pages 5–18
  10. ^ "Oxfordshire Parish Package Neithrop" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  11. ^ Crossley, Alan, ed. (1972). A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 10. London: Victoria County History. pp. 29–42. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Interior view of the Globe Room at the Reindeer Inn, showing the fireplace, tables and chairs, and the moulded ceiling". Historic England. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  13. ^ "Reindeer Inn website". Hooky-pubs.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  14. ^ Lobel & Crosley, 1969, pages 112–123
  15. ^ MacKenzie, James Dixon (1896). The Castles of England: Their Story and Structure. General Books LLC. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-150-51044-1..
  16. ^ Compton, 1976, page 25
  17. ^ Compton, 1976, page 37
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Further reading

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