Jump to content

Central Park Zoo

Coordinates: 40°46′4″N 73°58′18″W / 40.76778°N 73.97167°W / 40.76778; -73.97167
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Central Park Zoo
Central Park Zoo logo
Central area of the Central Park Zoo
Map
40°46′4″N 73°58′18″W / 40.76778°N 73.97167°W / 40.76778; -73.97167
Date opened
  • 1864; 160 years ago (1864) (menagerie)
  • December 2, 1934; 90 years ago (December 2, 1934) (zoo)
  • August 8, 1988; 36 years ago (August 8, 1988) (renovated)
LocationCentral Park, New York City, United States
Land area6.5 acres (2.6 ha)
MembershipsAZA[1]
OwnerWildlife Conservation Society
Public transit accessNew York City Subway: "N" train​"R" train​"W" train trains at Fifth Avenue–59th Street
"6" train"6" express train​ trains at 68th Street–Hunter College
New York City Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M66, M72, Q32
Websitecentralparkzoo.com

The Central Park Zoo is a 6.5-acre (2.6 ha) zoo located at the southeast corner of Central Park in New York City. It is part of an integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). In conjunction with the Central Park Zoo's operations, the WCS offers children's educational programs, is engaged in restoration of endangered species populations, and reaches out to the local community through volunteer programs.

Its precursor, a menagerie, was founded in 1864, becoming the first public zoo to open in New York. The present facility first opened as a city zoo on December 2, 1934, and was part of a larger revitalization program of city parks, playgrounds and zoos initiated in 1934 by New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks) commissioner Robert Moses. It was built, in large part, through Civil Works Administration and Works Progress Administration (WPA) labor and funding. The Children's Zoo opened to the north of the main zoo in 1960, using funding from a donation by Senator Herbert Lehman and his wife Edith.

After 49 years of operation as a city zoo run by NYC Parks, Central Park Zoo closed in 1983 for reconstruction. The closure was part of a five-year, $35 million renovation program, that completely replaced the zoo's cages with naturalistic environments. It was rededicated on August 8, 1988, as part of a system of five facilities managed by the WCS, all of which are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).[a]

Description

[edit]
Map
Notable buildings and structures of Central Park. Click on the map and then on the points for details.
This map:

The Central Park Zoo is part of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), an integrated network of four zoos and an aquarium spread throughout New York City.[a] Located at East 64th Street and Fifth Avenue, the zoo is situated on a 6.5-acre (2.6 ha)[3] plot in Central Park. Visitors may enter through the Fifth Avenue entrance or from within Central Park.[4]

The Central Park Zoo is a major tourist attraction within Central Park, drawing more than one million people every year. According to a 2011 study by the Central Park Conservancy, the zoo and its surroundings were visited by an estimated four million people each year.[5]: 9  However, the WCS cites much lower figures since it only counts patrons with tickets. In 2007, it recorded that 1.01 million people visited the Central Park Zoo,[6] and in 2006, 1.03 million people.[7] As of the Wildlife Conservation Society's 2016 census of its zoos, the Central Park Zoo had 1,487 animals representing 163 species.[8]

Main zoo

[edit]

Trellised, vine-clad, glass-roofed pergolas link the three major exhibit areas—tropic, temperate and polar—housed in discrete buildings of brick trimmed with granite, masked by vines.[9][10]: 213  The exhibit areas are centered around a square central garden that contains a square sea lion pool in its center.[4] The sea lion pool is surrounded by glass fencing to allow visitors to observe the sea lions and their daily feedings.[11]

Exhibits and other buildings

[edit]

The structure at the central garden's southwestern corner is the "Tropic Zone",[4] which contains a two-story representation of a rain forest. The rain forest contains Rodrigues flying foxes, Seba's short-tailed bats, emerald tree boas, pythons, cotton-top tamarins, white-eared titis, toucans, black-and-white ruffed lemurs from the Bronx Zoo and a large variety of birds including scarlet ibis, emerald starlings, superb starlings, pied avocets, speckled mousebirds, sunbittern, troupials, Taveta golden weaver, blue-crowned motmots, crested couas, blue-gray tanagers, African pygmy goose, ochre-marked parakeets, white-fronted amazons, blue-headed macaws, plum-headed parakeets, Derbyan parakeets, Fischer's lovebirds, golden conures, red bird-of-paradise, superb bird-of-paradise, Nicobar pigeons, black-naped fruit doves, green peacocks, Victoria crowned-pigeons, coroneted fruit doves, kagus, blue-and-yellow and green winged macaws. The zoo also keeps piranhas, pig-nosed turtles, and red-footed tortoises. There is also a large free-flight area for birds.[9][10]: 215  The elephant house of the original menagerie was formerly located at the site.[10]: 215 

The Temperate Zone, one of the three major exhibit areas at Central Park Zoo

To the west of the garden is the "Temperate Territory", a landscaped series of paths surrounding a lake.[4] It hosts animals such as red pandas, white-naped cranes, snow monkeys, and snow leopards.[9][10]: 215  A snow leopard exhibit in the Temperate Territory opened in June 2009.[12] The Temperate Territory is located on the site of the 1934 zoo's cafeteria.[10]: 215 

The northern side of the garden is adjacent to the "Penguins and Sea Birds" section.[4] This multilevel structure contains a chilled penguin house that contains macaroni penguins, king penguins, chinstrap penguins, gentoo penguins, Atlantic puffins, tufted puffins and an outdoor pool with harbor seals, as well as an outdoor grizzly bear exhibit.[9][10]: 214–215  It is located on the site of a lion house that was built in 1934 along with the original menagerie.[10]: 214 

The eastern side of the central garden is next to the Arsenal, technically located outside the zoo.[4] The structure was completed in 1851 and originally intended as a weapons and ammunition storehouse for the New York State Militia. It once served as an actual zoo building, but now contains NYC Parks Department offices.[13] Central Park Zoo also includes a 4D theater,[14][15] located to the north of the Arsenal,[4] while a gift shop and ticket booth are located to the south of the Arsenal.[4]

The southern side of the garden contains the Intelligence Garden,[4] located at the site of the original menagerie's horned animal/small mammal house. Its name is inspired by a rare-animal menagerie created by King Wen of Zhou in 1100 B.C.[10]: 216  A cafeteria, the Dancing Crane Cafe,[4] is located to the south of the Intelligence Garden.[10]: 216 

Art and conservation programs

[edit]

Several works of public art can be found in the Central Park Zoo. Five structures, preserved from the original zoo built in 1934,[b] still feature their original animal-themed limestone friezes sculpted by Frederick Roth.[11][16] The same artist created a pair of bronze statues for the original zoo, Dancing Goat and Dancing Bear, which now flank the zoo's southern entrance.[17][18] Tigress and Cubs, one of the park's oldest statues, was created by Auguste Cain in 1867 and installed on a rock outcrop near the Lake, but moved to the zoo in 1934.[19]

The zoo coordinates breeding programs for some endangered species as part of the Species Survival Plan, such as thick-billed parrots[20] and red pandas.[21][22] In 2011, the WCS announced that the Central Park Zoo was the first North American zoo to hatch ducklings of critically endangered scaly-sided mergansers.[23][24] In addition, the first example of whispering in non-human primates was observed at the Central Park Zoo in 2013, when tamarin monkeys were heard whispering around a staff member that they disliked.[25][26][27]

The zoo hosts educational venues as well as exhibits. The volunteer program at the Central Park Zoo engages members of the community; it is a combination outreach and educational program for adults. Volunteer guides conduct tours for visitors, while volunteer docents augment the educational program. Docents enroll in a four-month training program.[28] The zoo also offers several programs for students.[29]

Children's Zoo

[edit]

The Children's Zoo is located north of the main zoo.[4] It is officially named the Tisch Children's Zoo after businessman Laurence A. Tisch, whose donation funded the zoo's 1990s renovation.[30][31] The Children's Zoo contains a petting zoo with mini nubian goats (a crossbreed between Nigerian dwarf and Nubian goats), sheep, pigs, alpacas, Patagonian cavies, and the only cow in Manhattan, as well as the Acorn Theatre, a performing arts theater.[11][32] Admission to the Children's Zoo is included with the purchase of tickets to the main zoo.[32]

Lehman Gates

The Lehman Gates by Paul Manship are a notable feature retained from the original Children's Zoo.[33][34] They were donated by Herbert and Edith Lehman in 1960 in honor of their 50th anniversary, and as part of their donation toward the construction of the Children's Zoo itself.[34] The gates were renovated in the 1980s.[34][10]: 163  Additionally, the Delacorte Clock, a gift of George T. Delacorte dedicated in 1965, is mounted on a three-tiered tower above the arcade between the Wildlife Center and the Children's Zoo.[35]

History

[edit]

Original menagerie

[edit]

Planning and creation

[edit]

The zoo was not part of the original Greensward Plan for Central Park created by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux.[36][37]: 340  However, a menagerie near the Arsenal, on the edge of Central Park located at Fifth Avenue facing East 64th Street, spontaneously evolved from gifts of exotic pets and other animals informally given to the park.[36][37]: 343 [38] The first animal, a bear cub tied to a tree, was left in Central Park in 1859, followed by a monkey the next year. These animals were popular with the park's visitors even though there was no formal zoo at the time.[39] Soon, people began donating other animals such as cranes, a peacock, and goldfish.[38] Unsolicited donations came from a variety of people, from prominent figures to young boys.[40] The donations also included dead animals.[41]: 50–54 (PDF pp. 54–58)  The Central Park planning commission recorded all of these donations in its annual reports.[38]

1869, The Dovecote

The American Zoological and Botanical Society, which sought to create a zoo somewhere in New York City, was created in early 1860.[42] The group began discussing possible sites for a zoo, among them Central Park.[43] By 1862, 60 acres (24 ha) were set aside for the construction of a future "zoological and botanical garden", later the Central Park Zoo.[44]: 15 (PDF p. 17)  However, since the zoo's site was not yet formally designated, the animals were kept in the Central Park Mall.[38][45] Popular animals included three bald eagles and a bald-headed monkey.[46] In 1864, a formal zoo received charter confirmation from New York's assembly, making it the United States' second publicly owned zoo, after the Philadelphia Zoo, which was founded in 1859.[37]: 340–349 [47] By then, the park had over 400 animals.[38] More than 250 animals would be donated in 1864–1865 alone.[36][37]: 343 

Originally the zoo was supposed to be located in Manhattan Square, on the west side of Central Park where the American Museum of Natural History is now located, though this location was never used as a zoo.[37]: 200  Up to twelve sites would eventually be considered for the zoo throughout the last three decades of the 19th century, including the North Meadow of Central Park.[37]: 344  Some animals were moved to the Arsenal in 1865, and larger animals grazed there during summers. A "deer park" was established at the current site of the Metropolitan Museum of Art three years later.[36] In 1870, when the Tammany Hall political organization took control of the Central Park commission, it mandated that the Central Park menagerie buy its own animals rather than accept donations, and it moved the animals to five structures behind the Arsenal.[37]: 344  The same year, Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins sculpted dinosaur figures for the Paleozoic Museum, a proposed dinosaur museum near the zoo, but they were destroyed in a fit of vandalism[48] that the Geologists' Association described as "perplexing".[49]

Popularity and decline

[edit]

The menagerie became popular because of its free admission and proximity to working-class Lower Manhattan; by 1873, it saw 2.5 million annual visitors.[37]: 344  The first permanent menagerie building was constructed behind the Arsenal in 1875.[50] The menagerie reached peak popularity in the mid-1880s after a chimpanzee nicknamed "Mike Crowley" was imported from Liberia. Observers such as former president Ulysses S. Grant showed up at the Monkey House to see the chimpanzee, overfilling the building past capacity.[37]: 345–346  However, Irish-American groups took offense to the chimpanzee's nickname, saying that the names given to animals in the Central Park menagerie were stereotypically Irish, and thus derogatory to that ethnic group.[37]: 345–346 [51] Frederick Law Olmsted also disapproved of the menagerie, believing Central Park to be better suited for scenic vistas than for entertainment, though he admitted that the zoo was the most popular part of the park.[37]: 347 

By the 1890s, wealthy residents of nearby neighborhoods were clamoring for the zoo to be relocated somewhere else, such as the North Meadow. However, these efforts met resistance, as the Central Park menagerie was popular among the general public and among the politicians that represented them.[37]: 348  This subsequently led to the creation of the Bronx Zoo, a much larger, privately operated zoo in the Bronx in 1897.[52] Though wealthy residents hoped that people would travel to the Bronx Zoo for its superior facilities, the Central Park Zoo continued to be popular even after the Bronx Zoo opened in 1899.[37]: 349, 388  The Central Park menagerie attracted over three million people annually by 1902, more than the Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum combined, despite only receiving one-fifth as much money as either of the museums.[37]: 389 

Through the early 20th century, the quality of the menagerie declined through neglect from the city government, which administered the zoo. The zoo accepted creatures of all kinds, even those with health problems, but offered insufficient veterinary care.[10]: 211  In 1919, some of the structures at the Central Park menagerie were modified to accommodate the addition of new animals.[53] Subsequently, in 1932, a new concrete structure was built for the zoo's wolves because the previous steel enclosure was deemed insufficient to contain the wolves.[54] By then, the zoo was extremely rundown, and its 22 cages were regarded as "flimsy and rat-ridden".[10]: 105  The wooden sheds posed a fire hazard, and the enclosures were so ineffective that zookeepers guarded the lion house to prevent the lions from escaping.[55]

Current zoo

[edit]

Construction of new zoo

[edit]
Sea lion pool, as seen looking south toward Midtown Manhattan

After assuming office in January 1934, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia hired Robert Moses to head a newly unified Parks Department. Moses soon prepared extensive plans to reconstruct the city's parks, renovate existing facilities and create new swimming pools, zoos, playgrounds and parks. Moses acquired substantial Civil Works Administration, and later, Works Progress Administration funding and soon embarked upon an eight-year citywide construction program, relieving some of the high unemployment in New York City in this Depression year.[56]

Plans for the new Central Park Zoo were prepared by Aymar Embury II within a 16-day span in February 1934[57] and were announced the following month. Embury's plans called for nine terracotta and brick structures to replace the structures in the menagerie.[58][59] These structures included seven new animal enclosures, as well as a comfort station and a garage.[58][c] A sea lion pool, designed by Charles Schmieder,[48] was to be located in the center of the new zoo, surrounded by the zoo enclosures on three sides.[10]: 211–212  The new structures were designed in such a way that they could be maintained easily.[60] The buildings, to cost $411,000, were designed in conjunction with new enclosures at the Prospect Park Zoo.[58]

The reconstruction of the zoo was initially criticized by individuals who thought that the money spent on building a zoo would be better utilized on the construction of new schools around the city.[61] During the reconstruction, the previous structures were entirely demolished.[55] While construction was ongoing, animals were temporarily moved to other zoos.[62] The rebuilt zoo opened on December 2, 1934,[63] at a ceremony where former governor Al Smith was given the honorary title of "night superintendent".[64][65] By April 1936, the renovated zoo had seen six million visitors since its reopening.[66] To prevent the recurrence of rat infestations, Moses also instituted a rat-elimination program in and around the zoo.[10]: 109 

1960s and 1970s

[edit]

In June 1960, U.S. Senator Herbert Lehman and his wife Edith donated $500,000 toward the construction of a new children's zoo just north of the existing zoo.[67] Work began that November,[68] and the children's zoo was officially opened on June 27, 1961.[69] The children's zoo featured attractions like a petting area with ducks, rabbits, and chickens; a large fiberglass whale statue dubbed "Whaley" (which acted as the entrance to the small zoo); a Noah's Ark feature; and a medieval castle feature.[70] The animals were housed in small storybook-style structures bordering an irregular pond.[10]: 186–187  By 1967, the wooden railings around the main zoo's enclosures were rotting, and NYC Parks commissioner August Heckscher II had authorized repairs to these railings.[71] The same year, the zoo cafeteria was renovated after a new concessionaire took control of the cafe.[72]

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the New York City Subway's 63rd Street lines, the present-day F, <F>​, and Q trains, were being built directly underneath the zoo.[73] A graffiti wall was erected along the line's length through Central Park. The tunnel provided a subterranean gathering place for very early subway artists who hung around together in Central Park, and was named Zoo York by ALI, founder of the SOUL ARTISTS graffiti crew. The name came about because it was in a zoo in New York, hence "Zoo York".[74] The construction of the subway line itself was controversial because it called for 1,500 feet (460 m) of cut-and-cover tunneling, which required digging an open trench through Central Park and then covering it over.[73] One of the concerns was that the Central Park Zoo, and a bird sanctuary outside the zoo, were located very close to the boundary of the trench.[75] Eventually, the New York City Transit Authority, which operated the New York City Subway, agreed to reduce disruption by halving the length of the cut.[76]

A nature kiosk at Central Park Zoo was added in 1972,[77] and a $500,000 renovation for the Lion House was proposed the following year.[60] By then, the Central Park Zoo was quite dilapidated: in November 1974, protesters gathered outside the zoo to protest the conditions there.[78] NYC Parks commissioner Gordon Davis described the zoo as a "Rikers Island for animals".[79] Even so, the zoo was one of the most popular attractions in Central Park through the 1980s, according to surveys taken during that era.[10]: 123 

Around the same time, there was a plan to shift control of the Central Park, Prospect Park, and Queens Zoos from the city government to the New York Zoological Society, a quasi-public conservation organization. At the time, none of the zoos had dedicated curatorial staff and all had only a skeletal zookeeping staff.[80] The society proposed sending the larger animals to different zoos with more humane conditions,[78] and animal-rights groups sued the city in an effort to close the two zoos and move the animals to the larger Bronx Zoo.[81] A 1976 report by the World Federation for the Protection of Animals found that all three zoos were operating in "shameful conditions", and that the animals at the Central Park and Prospect Park Zoos were living in poorly maintained facilities.[82]

1980s renovation

[edit]
Children's Zoo

The administration of mayor Ed Koch and the New York Zoological Society (renamed the Wildlife Conservation Society, or WCS, in 1993[83]) signed a fifty-year agreement in April 1980, wherein the Central Park, Prospect Park, and Queens Zoos would be administered by the Society.[84][85] They proposed renovation plans for all three zoos in 1981.[86][87] The Central Park Zoo's renovation plan called for the demolition of five of the six structures around the sea lion pool (except for the Arsenal), as well as new classrooms and auditoriums for students, and a snack bar to replace the zoo's concessions.[88][87] The New York Times reported that "the caging of these animals in inadequate spaces has long enraged animal lovers."[87] Starting in November 1982, the Central Park Zoo's animals were temporarily moved to other zoos while construction was ongoing. Most of the large animals were permanently rehoused in larger, more natural spaces at the Bronx Zoo.[89] The zoo had three "problem animals" that few other zoos wanted to take,[90] but even they found homes.[10]: 212–213 

The main zoo was closed in late 1983,[91][92] though the children's zoo remained open.[93] Demolition continued through 1984, though construction on the new zoo did not begin until the following year.[48] The subsequent redesign was executed by Kevin Roche of Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo Associates. The facility's menagerie cages were replaced with three naturalistic habitats that blended with Central Park's scenery.[88][94] Four of the original buildings were preserved in the redesigned zoo, though the cramped outdoor cages were demolished. The central feature of the original zoo, the sea lion pool, was retained.[93][9]

The renovation was originally budgeted at $8.3 million.[79] The renovated zoo was then planned to reopen in 1985 at a cost of $14 million, but the project was delayed for three years. The zoo reopened to the public on August 8, 1988. The renovation ended up costing $35 million.[95][96] Of this, the city contributed $22 million while the Society contributed the balance.[79] In order to pay for the zoo construction, the Society started charging admission for zoo patrons for the first time in the zoo's history.[37]: 509  With the reopening of the Central Park Zoo, the Society aimed to designate each of its three small zoos with a specific purpose. The Central Park Zoo would be focused toward conservation; the Prospect Park Zoo would be primarily a children's zoo; and the Queens Zoo would become a zoo with North American animals.[97]

1990s to present

[edit]

By the early 1990s, some of the structures at the Children's Zoo had collapsed, and there were reports that the animals were being neglected. Under threat of closure by federal regulators, the city closed the zoo in 1991. Though the WCS had a plan to renovate the zoo, it languished for years because the restoration needed approval from the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), which had designated several zoo buildings as landmarks.[98] Furthermore, there were disputes over what the theme of the renovated Children's Zoo should be.[70] The $6 million plan to renovate the Children's Zoo was approved by the LPC in 1996, though it was opposed by preservationists who wanted to prevent the zoo's structures from demolition.[99] The renovation was initially supposed to be funded by $3 million from Henry and Edith Everett, but the Everetts withdrew their gift due to disputes over how the money should be spent.[30] With the help of a $4.5 million grant from businessman Laurence A. Tisch,[31] the Children's Zoo was renovated and renamed the Tisch Children's Zoo upon its reopening in September 1997.[100]

In June 2009, the Allison Maher Stern Snow Leopard Exhibit opened with three snow leopards, moved from the Bronx Zoo. The exhibit, costing $10.6 million, was the first new feature in the zoo since its 1988 renovation.[12] In March 2020, the Central Park Zoo and the WCS's other facilities were shuttered indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[101][102] The zoo reopened that July.[103][104]

Hoax

[edit]
1874 Herald hoax headline
Headline for New York Herald story

A famous hoax regarding the zoo is known as the Central Park Zoo escape and the Central Park menagerie scare of 1874.[105][106]:  534  It was a hoax perpetrated by James Gordon Bennett Jr. in his newspaper, the New York Herald. J. I. C. Clarke was the primary writer of the hoax, under the direction and inspiration of the Herald's managing editor, T. B. Connery, who often walked through the zoo, and had witnessed the near-escape of a leopard.[106] The Herald's cover story of November 9, 1874, claimed that there had been a mass escape of animals from the Central Park Zoo and that several people had been killed by the free-roaming beasts. A rhinoceros was said to be the first escapee, goring his keeper to death and setting into motion the escape of other animals, including a polar bear, a panther, a Numidian lion, several hyenas, and a Bengal tiger.[107]

At the end of the lengthy article, which was divided across several pages of the newspaper, the following notice was the only indication that the story horrifying readers across the city was a hoax: "... of course, the entire story given above is a pure fabrication. Not one word of it is true."[108][109] That was not enough to assuage critics, however, who accused Bennett of inciting panic when the extent of the hoax became widely known.[110] The authors later claimed their intent was merely to draw attention to inadequate safety precautions at the zoo, and claimed to be surprised at the extent of the reaction to their story.[106][111][112]

Notable animals

[edit]
  • In the early 20th century, Bill Snyder was hired at the zoo; he purchased Hattie, an Asian elephant, in 1920.[113] Hattie died in 1922.[114]
  • Pattycake, a female western lowland gorilla, was born at the zoo in 1972 and was thus the first gorilla successfully born in captivity in New York.[115] Her handlers assumed she was a male and originally named her "Sonny Jim".[116] She moved to the Bronx Zoo in 1982,[117] where she remained until her death in 2013.[118]
  • Gus, a male polar bear, lived at the zoo from 1988 to 2013, when he had to be euthanized after being diagnosed with an inoperable tumor.[119]
  • Flaco, a Eurasian eagle owl, was taken to the zoo in 2010.[120] Flaco escaped when his enclosure was damaged in 2023;[121] he was found dead outside the park in 2024.[122]

In media

[edit]

The Central Park Zoo is depicted in the 2005 animated film Madagascar as the place from which the main characters escaped.[123]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b The others are the Bronx Zoo, Prospect Park Zoo, Queens Zoo, and New York Aquarium.[2]
  2. ^ The structures that still exist, or have been modified from the original zoo, are:[10]: 213 
    • Birdhouse
    • Smaller-Hoofed Animal House
    • Larger-Hoofed Animal House
    • Garage, animal kitchen, and annexes
    • Monkey House
  3. ^ The structures, clockwise from south, were:[10]: 211–212 
    • Birdhouse
    • Smaller-Hoofed Animal House
    • Larger-Hoofed Animal House
    • Horned Animal/Small Mammal House
    • Garage, animal kitchen, and annexes
    • Elephant House
    • Cafeteria
    • Lion House
    • Monkey House

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "List of Accredited Zoos and Aquariums". aza.org. Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  2. ^ "Zoos & Aquarium". WCS.org. April 24, 2019. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  3. ^ "Know Before You Go – Central Park Zoo". centralparkzoo.com. Archived from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Map". Central Park Zoo. March 29, 2019. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  5. ^ "Report on the Public Use of Central Park" (PDF). centralparknyc.org. Central Park Conservancy. April 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  6. ^ Wildlife Conservation Society (December 2007). "Annual Report 2007" (PDF). Wildlife Conservation Society: 101. Archived from the original (offline: paper, online: PDF) on May 12, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Wildlife Conservation Society (December 2006). "Annual Report 2006" (PDF). Wildlife Conservation Society: 98. Archived from the original (offline: paper, online: PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Wildlife Conservation Society (December 2016). "Annual Report 2016" (PDF). Wildlife Conservation Society: 176 (PDF p. 81). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ a b c d e Goldberger, Paul (September 25, 1988). "Architecture View; The New Zoo: At Home in Central Park". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Kinkead, Eugene (1990). Central Park, 1857–1995: The Birth, Decline, and Renewal of a National Treasure. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-02531-4.
  11. ^ a b c "Central Park Zoo". Central Park Zoo. Central Park Conservancy. February 12, 2015. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  12. ^ a b Rothstein, Edward (June 12, 2009). "3 Snow Leopards Focus of First New Central Park Zoo Exhibition Since 1988". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  13. ^ Gray, Christopher (November 18, 2007). "From Armory to Zoo to Museum to Offices". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  14. ^ Genzlinger, Neil (April 15, 2011). "In the Fourth Dimension, It's Damp and Ticklish". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  15. ^ "4-D Theater – Central Park Zoo". centralparkzoo.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  16. ^ "Central Park Monuments – Zoo". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  17. ^ "Central Park Monuments – Dancing Goat". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  18. ^ "Central Park Highlights – Dancing Bear Statue". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  19. ^ "Central Park Monuments – Tigress and Cubs". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  20. ^ Wilgoren, Jodi (January 28, 1999). "Rare Bird Is Back in Hand, and So Is a Suspect". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  21. ^ "Baby Red Panda Finds New Home in Central Park Zoo". NBC New York. August 15, 2011. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  22. ^ "Endangered Red Panda Comes to Central Park Zoo – Upper East Side & Roosevelt Island – New York". DNAinfo. August 15, 2011. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  23. ^ "WCS's Central Park Zoo Is the First in North America to Successfully Breed Endangered Sea Duck > Newsroom". WCS Newsroom. June 21, 2011. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  24. ^ Quinlan, Adriane (June 23, 2011). "New to the Central Park Zoo: Rare, Skinny-Billed Ducklings". City Room. Archived from the original on August 25, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  25. ^ Morrison, Rachel; Reiss, Diana (November 2013). "Whisper-like behavior in a non-human primate: Whisper-Like Behavior Non-Human Primate". Zoo Biology. 32 (6): 626–631. doi:10.1002/zoo.21099. PMID 24038444.
  26. ^ "First example of whispering observed in non-human primates". The Independent. September 24, 2013. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  27. ^ "Central Park Monkeys Caught Whispering About Hated Supervisor". Popular Science. September 24, 2013. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  28. ^ "City Zoos Volunteers". Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  29. ^ "Classes – Central Park Zoo". centralparkzoo.com. Archived from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  30. ^ a b Miller, Judith (May 20, 1997). "Tisch to Match, and Raise, Revoked Gift to Children's Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  31. ^ a b "Laurence Tisch, 80; Billionaire Had Rocky Time at CBS Helm". Los Angeles Times. November 16, 2003. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  32. ^ a b "Tisch Children's Zoo". www.centralpark.com. September 22, 2017. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  33. ^ "Tisch Children's Zoo Gate : NYC Parks". Central Park Monuments. June 26, 1939. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  34. ^ a b c "Lehman Gates". The Official Website of Central Park NYC. Central Park Conservancy. February 12, 2015. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  35. ^ "Central Park Monuments: Delacorte Clock". NYC Parks. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  36. ^ a b c d "CentralParkHistory.com". CentralParkHistory.com. December 24, 1999. Archived from the original on October 19, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Rosenzweig, Roy & Blackmar, Elizabeth (1992). The Park and the People: A History of Central Park. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-9751-5.
  38. ^ a b c d e Newman, Andy (June 15, 2014). "Giving Life to Central Park Zoo, One Donation at a Time". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  39. ^ "Bergson Says World Needs A New System Of Ethics; If We Knew Our Duty We Would Do It, But We Don't, According to the Famous French Philosopher, Who Will Soon Be With Us --- All Systems Incomplete --- Philosophers Rule Mankind". The New York Times. March 10, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  40. ^ "A Curious List of People Who Donated to the Central Park Zoo". The New York Times. June 15, 2014. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  41. ^ "1864 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1864. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 11, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  42. ^ "City Intelligence". The New York Times. February 2, 1860. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  43. ^ "Amusements". The New York Times. March 10, 1860. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  44. ^ "1862 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1862. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  45. ^ "CentralParkHistory.com". centralparkhistory.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  46. ^ "The Central Park; The People's Pleasure Ground Its Notable Features and Attractions What It Is and What It Will Be A Rambler's Observations". The New York Times. July 25, 1863. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  47. ^ "ocal Intelligence; A Zeological Garden at Central Park". The New York Times. April 2, 1864. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  48. ^ a b c Chan, Sewell (August 4, 2008). "In Central Park, Happy Birthday to Zoo". City Room. Archived from the original on October 2, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  49. ^ Coules, Victoria; Benton, Michael J. (2023). "The curious case of Central Park's dinosaurs: The destruction of Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins' Paleozoic Museum revisited". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 134 (3): 344–360. Bibcode:2023PrGA..134..344C. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2023.04.004.
  50. ^ "Park Planning for Greater New York (1870–1898) : Online Historic Tour". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  51. ^ Bayor, R.H.; Meagher, T. (1997). The New York Irish. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-8018-5764-5. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  52. ^ "Work of the Assembly; Among the Bills Passed Is That for Improving a Portion of Bronx Park for a Zoo". The New York Times. April 18, 1897. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  53. ^ "New Houses for Park Zoo; President Berolzhelmer Says Group in Central Park Will Soon Be Ready". The New York Times. January 14, 1919. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  54. ^ "Moving Week Casts Gloom Over the Zoo; Central Park Fraternity Is Anxious About". The New York Times. August 1, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  55. ^ a b "Parks Work Bright Spot in WPA Snarl". New York Daily News. September 26, 1934. p. 81. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  56. ^ "Robert Moses and the Modern Park System (1929–1965)". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
  57. ^ "New Zoo Designed By CWA in 16 Days; Feat of White-Collar Workers on Central Park Project Is Praised by Moses". The New York Times. February 27, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  58. ^ a b c "Central Park Zoo To Get New Houses; Nine Structures to Replace Old Ones Near Present Site at Cost of $411,000". The New York Times. February 20, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  59. ^ "Central Park, Prospect Zoos To Be Rebuilt: Moses Files Plan for Nine New Manhattan Structures to Cost $411,000 C.W.A. to Supply Funds Menagerie To Be Established at West New Brighton". New York Herald Tribune. February 20, 1934. p. 36. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1240112626.
  60. ^ a b "$500,000 to Be Spent to Renovate Lion House at Central Park Zoo". The New York Times. July 7, 1973. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  61. ^ "Schools and Zoos Topic of Debate" (PDF). New York Sun. March 2, 1934. p. 27. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  62. ^ "There'll Be a Housewarming Soon". New York Daily News. November 2, 1934. p. 41. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  63. ^ "New Zoo Opens, Al Smith Gets Job As Honorary Night Superintendent; Central Park's 'Picture-Book' Menagerie Bestows Rare Degree – Recipient Admits He Knows Tigers, but Is 'Not So Good With Elephants' – Mayor Speaks and Hodson Sings a Song". The New York Times. December 3, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  64. ^ "Central Park Zoo Marks 25th Year; But Personnel Trace Line Back to the Civil War". The New York Times. December 4, 1959. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  65. ^ "Al Smith Gets Title at Central Park Zoo" (PDF). Syracuse Journal. December 3, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  66. ^ "Zoo Honors Girl, 5, 6,000,000th Visitor; Little Cynthia Cogswell Gets a Special Golden Key to the Central Park Buildings". The New York Times. April 20, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  67. ^ "Lehmans Give City Zoo For Children; Ex-Governor and Wife Make $500,000 Gift for Area in Central Park". The New York Times. June 16, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  68. ^ "New Zoo Begun; Gift From Lehmans Financing Central Park Work". The New York Times. November 19, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  69. ^ Devlin, John C. (June 27, 1961). "18-Cubit Noah's Ark Launched At Central Park Children's Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  70. ^ a b Bloom, Jennifer Kingson (April 9, 1995). "Neighborhood Report: Central Park; A No-Zoo Revue: No Reopening Any Time Soon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  71. ^ Callahan, John P. (April 5, 1967). "Central Park Repair Work Cramps the Usually Frolicsome Style of Some Favorite Inhabitants of the Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  72. ^ Knowles, Clayton (January 3, 1967). "Cafeteria in Zoo is Changing Hands; Horn & Hardart Taking Over Central Park Spot After a Two-Week Closing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  73. ^ a b Burks, Edward C. (June 2, 1970). "Mayor Asks Engineers to Ease Subway Tunnel Impact in Park". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  74. ^ Kurlansky, Mervyn; Naar, John (1974). The Faith of Graffiti. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc.
  75. ^ Burks, Edward C. (May 29, 1970). "Officials Take Tunnel Debate to Park". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  76. ^ Ranzal, Edward (February 27, 1971). "Transit Authority Agrees to Modify Central Park Plan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  77. ^ "Nature Kiosk Added to CP Zoo". New York Daily News. May 21, 1972. p. 171. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  78. ^ a b "Central Park Zoo Plan Would Ban Big Animals". The New York Times. January 30, 1975. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  79. ^ a b c Faye Kaplan, Lisa (October 30, 1988). "This new zoo has room with a view" (PDF). Bannett News Service. pp. 7E. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  80. ^ Devlin, John C. (November 16, 1974). "City Urged to Forgo Control of Its 3 Zoos". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  81. ^ Fowler, Glenn (April 1, 1976). "Prospect Park Zoo Head Accused of Killing Animals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  82. ^ Asbury, Edith Evans (June 1, 1976). "'Shameful Conditions' at New York Zoos Reported by Group That Seeks to Shut". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  83. ^ Clines, Francis X. (February 4, 1993). "What's 3 Letters and Zoologically Incorrect?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  84. ^ Duggan, Dennis (April 23, 1980). "Queens Zoo: New Management". Newsday. p. 7. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  85. ^ "City's 3 Zoos to Be Taken Over By New York Zoological Society". The New York Times. April 23, 1980. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
  86. ^ Giordano, Mary Ann (October 15, 1981). "Society takes on taming of the zoos". New York Daily News. p. 11. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  87. ^ a b c Carmody, Deirdre (April 6, 1982). "City Shows Its Design for Central Park Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  88. ^ a b English, Bella (March 14, 1982). "Money for bears or people?". New York Daily News. p. 45. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  89. ^ Carmody, Deirdre (November 19, 1982). "Tale of Noah's Ark, Updated, at Central Park Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  90. ^ Carmody, Deirdre (November 12, 1982). "Problem for the Zoo: An Ornery Elephant". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  91. ^ Carmody, Deirdre (October 13, 1984). "Central Park Renews Its Details and Vistas in a Burst of Repairs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  92. ^ Slagle, Alton (February 6, 1983). "The Greening of Central Park". New York Daily News. pp. 7, 55 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  93. ^ a b "Zoo will receive $28M face lift in Central Park". New York Daily News. April 18, 1985. p. 156. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  94. ^ Anderson, Susan Heller (April 5, 1987). "Making Home Sweet for Central Park Zoo Animals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  95. ^ Anderson, Susan Heller (August 9, 1988). "At Last, a Joy for All Ages: Central Park Zoo Is Back". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  96. ^ Faye Kaplan, Lisa (August 18, 1988). "The Zoo Crew". White Plains Journal-News. pp. 23, 24 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  97. ^ Dallas, Gus (August 7, 1988). "Such captivating captivity!". New York Daily News. p. 158. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  98. ^ Martin, Douglas (September 28, 1995). "Restoring the Children's Zoo, Seriously; Fairy Tales Are Out, Unless Fairies Really Exist and Have Tails". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  99. ^ Martin, Douglas (April 18, 1996). "Plans Approved for New Central Park Children's Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  100. ^ Martin, Douglas (September 21, 1997). "Where the Wild Things Meet; Tiny Thumbs Up for New Central Park Children's Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  101. ^ Jacobs, Julia (April 3, 2020). "The Bronx Zoo Is Also Empty, but the Animals Don't Mind". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  102. ^ "Coronavirus Update: Wildlife Conservation Society zoos, aquarium in New York City to close amid COVID-19 outbreak". ABC7 New York. March 15, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
  103. ^ "Reopen NYC: Bronx Zoo, New York Aquarium, Central Park Zoo, Prospect Park Zoo, and Queens Zoo reopening on July 24 with safety protocols". ABC7 New York. July 9, 2020. Archived from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  104. ^ Davenport, Emily (July 9, 2020). "Prospect Park Zoo, New York Aquarium slated to reopen July 24". Brooklyn Paper. Archived from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  105. ^ Bartholomew, Robert E.; Radford, Benjamin (October 19, 2011). The Martians have Landed!: A history of media-driven panics and hoaxes. McFarland. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0-7864-8671-7. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  106. ^ a b c Connery, Thomas B. (June 3, 1893). "A famous newspaper hoax". Harper's Weekly. Archived from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  107. ^ Sides, Hampton (August 4, 2014). In the Kingdom of Ice: The grand and terrible polar voyage of the USS Jeannette. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  108. ^ Masoff, Joy (2006). Oh, Yikes!: History's grossest, wackiest moments. Workman. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-7611-3684-2. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  109. ^ Wallace, David Rains (November 16, 2000). The Bonehunters' Revenge: Dinosaurs, greed, and the greatest scientific feud of the Gilded Age. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0-618-08240-9. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  110. ^ "The Central Park Zoo escape, 1874". Museum of Hoaxes. Archived from the original on August 29, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  111. ^ Fedler, Fred (1989). Media Hoaxes. Iowa State University Press. ISBN 0-8138-1117-1.
  112. ^ Boese, Alex. "The Central Park Zoo escape". Museum of Hoaxes. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  113. ^ "Her Cleverness is a Revelation to Trainers. Why, She Understands English" (PDF). The New York Times Magazine. June 19, 1904. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2009.
  114. ^ "Hattie, Central Park Elephant, Dies. News Hidden to Keep Sad Away" (PDF). The New York Times. November 20, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 25, 2009. Hattie is dead. Central Park's pet elephant succumbed on Saturday afternoon to the Illness against which she had fought for more a than a week. Unwilling that thousands of children who had loved the frolicsome pachyderm and ...
  115. ^ "Baby Gorilla's Debut Brings a Surprise". The New York Times. September 12, 1972. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  116. ^ Carmody, Deirdre (February 28, 1973). "As Gorillas Go, Six-Month-Old Patty Cake Is a Charming Monkey". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  117. ^ "International Studbook for the Western Lowland Gorilla". Internationales Register und Zuchtbuch für den Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Savage and Wyman, 1847). Frankfurt Zoo. 2011. ISSN 0934-2656. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  118. ^ Kleinfield, N. R. (April 1, 2013). "A Child Star With a Knack for Publicity". City Room. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  119. ^ Kleinfield, N. R. (August 28, 2013). "Gus, New York's Most Famous Polar Bear, Dies at 27". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 23, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  120. ^ Pisani, Joseph (December 18, 2023). "Flaco the Famous New York City Owl Has Become a Peeping Tom". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 19, 2023. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
  121. ^ "Eurasian eagle owl escapes Central Park Zoo after exhibit vandalized, officials say". CBS News. February 3, 2023. Archived from the original on February 14, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  122. ^ Einhorn, Catrin (February 24, 2024). "Flaco's Crash Might Have Been More Than Bad Luck. Here's Why". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  123. ^ Cribbs, M. (2023). Daydream Sequences in Hollywood Cinema since 1947. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-5275-1018-0.

Sources

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Central Park Zoo (category)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Park_Zoo&oldid=1242484625"