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Japan Air System

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Not to be confused with Japanese Agricultural Standard.
Japan Air System
日本エアシステム
Nihon Ea Shisutemu
IATA ICAO Call sign
JD JAS AIR SYSTEM
FoundedMay 15, 1971 (1971-05-15)
(amalgamation; as Toa Domestic Airlines)
Commenced operations
  • April 1, 1988 (1988-04-01)
    (as Japan Air System)
  • April 1, 2004 (2004-04-01)
    (as Japan Airlines Domestic)
Ceased operationsOctober 1, 2006 (2006-10-01)
(merged into Japan Airlines)
Hubs
Secondary hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programJAS Mileage Service
Subsidiaries
Fleet size85
Destinations46
Parent companyTokyu Corporation
HeadquartersŌta, Tokyo, Japan
Websitewww.jas.co.jp

Japan Air System Co., Ltd. (JAS) (日本エアシステム, Nihon Ea Shisutemu) was the smallest of the big three Japanese airlines. In contrast to the other two, JAL and ANA, JAS' international route network was very small, but its domestic network incorporated many smaller airports that were not served by the two larger airlines. As an independent company, it was last headquartered in the JAS M1 Building at Haneda Airport in Ōta, Tokyo. It has since merged with Japan Airlines.

JAS was famous for its variety of aircraft liveries; Amy Chavez of The Japan Times described the rainbow liveries as "abstract." Many of its color schemes in the 1990s were designed by film director Akira Kurosawa.[1]

The airline's slogan was "Good Speed Always".

History

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All MD-80 series aircraft that were operated by Japan Air System; (Left to Right) MD-90, MD-87, MD-81.

Formation

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The company was originally formed as Toa Domestic Airlines (東亜国内航空, Tōa Kokunai Kōkū) (TDA) in a merger between Toa Airways and Japan Domestic Airlines on May 15, 1971.[2] It adopted the Japan Air System (JAS) name on April 1, 1988.[2]

Start of international service

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In 1988, Japan Air System began service from Narita to Seoul, South Korea, and Taiwan, and by 1993 JAS was also flying to Singapore, Honolulu and Indonesia.[3] In 1995 the airline had 99 domestic routes, some international routes, 64 offices in Japan, one office in Seoul, South Korea, and one office in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.[2]

JAS entered into a partnership with Northwest Airlines in 1999 following several years of negotiations, allowing Northwest to codeshare on JAS domestic routes from Kansai Airport in Osaka and JAS to codeshare on Northwest flights between Japan and the US. On Northwest's fifth freedom flights between Japan and Asia, JAS was limited to codesharing on Northwest routes that JAS also had the authority to fly, such as Tokyo-Seoul.[4]

Boeing 777 livery design contest

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13-year old Masatomo Watanabe designed the livery of the JAS Boeing 777-200

In 1996, Japan Air System held a contest for designing the livery of the Boeing 777.[5] The youngest entrant was three years of age while the oldest was 84.[6] A total of 10,364 participants from 42 countries submitted entries.[6][7] The judges included Akira Kurosawa, Masuo Ikeda, Kenshi Hirokane, Yoshiko Sakurai, and Yusuke Kaji [ja] (梶 祐輔, Kaji Yūsuke).[6] Thirteen-year-old Masatomo Watanabe (渡部 真丈, Watanabe Masatomo), a male second year (Grade 8) junior high school student living near Chitose Airport, won the award.[8] The Japan Air System Boeing 777, painted in Watanabe's design, premiered in April 1997 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Japan Air System.[9]

Merger with Japan Airlines

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A Japan Air System Airbus A300-600R with the JAL "Arc of the Sun" logo on the body

JAS and Japan Airlines announced their merger in November 2001. It was the first major airline industry realignment in Japan in three decades, and partly a consequence of the slump in worldwide air traffic following the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States.[10] At the time, JAL had only a 25% share of the Japanese domestic air travel market, half that of rival All Nippon Airways, and saw the merger as a means of providing stronger competition to ANA domestically.[11]

JAS and JAL prepared an integrated timetable in August 2002. On October 2, 2002, they established a new holding company, Japan Airlines System (日本航空システム, Nihon Kōkū Shisutemu), with Isao Kaneko as CEO. A new "Arc of the Sun" livery for the JAL group was announced in September 2002 and the first aircraft with the livery rolled out in November. On April 1, 2004, Japan Airlines changed its name to Japan Airlines International and Japan Air System changed its name to Japan Airlines Domestic, officially ending the JAS brand.[12] Japan Airlines Domestic was merged with Japan Airlines International on October 1, 2006, and disappeared both in name and reality.

At the time of its integration into JAL, JAS operated the Airbus A300, Boeing 777, MD-80 and MD-90. Most continued flying as part of the JAL fleet, but three A300s were scrapped at Sendai Airport in 2002, while two others were transferred to Fly Air in Turkey.[13]

Corporate affairs

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The JAL Maintenance Center, formerly the corporate headquarters
Mori Building 37 in Tokyo, where JAS once had its headquarters

When Toa Domestic Airlines was originally established on May 15, 1971, its headquarters were located at the Japan Airlines Haneda Maintenance Center (羽田日本航空メンテナンスセンター Haneda Nihon Kōkū Mentanensu Sentā) at Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport) in Ōta, Tokyo. On February 28, 1972, its headquarters were moved to Mori Building No. 18 (第18森ビル, Dai-jūhachi Mori Biru) in Minato, Tokyo.[14][15] On July 31, 1990, the headquarters moved from Mori Building No. 18 to Mori Building No. 37 (第37森ビル, Dai-sanjūshichi Mori Biru),[16][17] located in Toranomon. On April 18, 1998, the head office moved to Haneda Maintenance Center 1 (羽田メンテナンスセンター1, Haneda Mentanansu Sentā, or JAS M1 Building) at Haneda Airport.[2][18][19] On August 11, 2003, as JAS was being merged into Japan Airlines, the JAS headquarters moved from Haneda Maintenance Center 1 to the JAL Building in Shinagawa, Tokyo.[20]

Destinations before merger

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Domestic

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International

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Subsidiaries

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Japan Air System had the following subsidiaries:[35]

Fleet

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A Japan Air System Airbus A300B4 taxiing at Haneda Airport in 1996
JAS MD-90 and 777 aircraft

Japan Air System had formerly operated the following aircraft since it commenced operations:[37][38][39]

Japan Air System fleet
Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A300B2 9 1980 2006 [40]
Airbus A300B4 8 1986 2006
Airbus A300-600R 22 1998 2006 [40]
Beechcraft Model 18 2 1973 1976
Beechcraft 200 3 1991 1998
Boeing 727-100 4 1972 1976
Boeing 777-200 7 1996 2006 [27][41]
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 2 1973 1975 Leased from Hughes Airwest
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-41 22 1974 1997 One written off as Flight 451
Remaining aircraft sold to Airborne Express
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-51 1 1977 1978 Leased from Finnair
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 2 1988 2000 Sold to Northwest Airlines[42]
McDonnell Douglas MD-81 26 1981 2006 [40]
McDonnell Douglas MD-87 8 1988 2006 [27][40]
McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 16 1995 2006 [27][40]
NAMC YS-11 46 1971 1996

Credit cards

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In association with Visa, MasterCard, and Japan Credit Bureau JAS had "JAS Card" credit cards. In addition, JAS had "Sky Merit" cards.[43]

Accidents and incidents

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  • July 3, 1971, Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 63: A NAMC YS-11A owned by Toa Domestic Airlines crashed into terrain, killing all 68 occupants.[44][45]
  • May 25, 1975: A NAMC YS-11A (JA8680) had a hydraulic oil leak and forced the crew to return to Osaka. During landing, one of the tires blew causing the aircraft to veer off the runway. The aircraft crossed a sod area and a drainage ditch. The cause of the oil leak was a loose connection of the hydraulic line in the left flap well.[46]
  • April 18, 1993, Japan Air System Flight 451: A McDonnell Douglas DC-9-41, flying from Nagoya to Hanamaki, crashed after the aircraft, caught by wind shear, skidded off of the runway. All of the passengers and crew survived.[47]
Aftermath of the landing gear accident of JAS Flight 979
  • January 1, 2004, Japan Air System Flight 979: A McDonnell Douglas MD-81 (JA8297) sustained substantial damage in a landing gear accident at Tokunoshima. On landing, the aircraft's left main landing gear collapsed during rollout and its left wing tip contacted the ground. The aircraft came to a stop on the runway. Three passengers were slightly injured.[48]

Special liveries

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Japan Air System, for a period, painted a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in a Peter Pan color scheme.[42]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Chavez, Amy. "Japan takes flight." The Japan Times. December 23, 2008. Retrieved on March 1, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d "COMPANY INFORMATION." Japan Air System. November 6, 1999. Retrieved on January 13, 2009. "Headquarters: JAS M1 Bldg. 5-1 Haneda kuko 3-chome, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0041 Japan"
  3. ^ "1993 - JAS (Japan Air System) Timetables, Route Maps, and History". Airchive.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved 2014-03-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ "Northwest Airlines cements alliance with JAS". Flightglobal. 16 June 1999. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  5. ^ "The Boeing Company and Japan." Boeing. July 5, 2007. Retrieved on March 1, 2009.
  6. ^ a b c "JAS [B777] Rainbow Design Competition." () Japan Air System. Retrieved on March 1, 2009.
  7. ^ "The course of the competition." () Japan Air System. Retrieved on March 1, 2009.
  8. ^ "It was a 13-year-old boy who gave JAS a fantastic present!." () Japan Air System. Retrieved on March 1, 2009.
  9. ^ "Rainbow Design Competition/Presenting the result." () Japan Air System. Retrieved on March 1, 2009.
  10. ^ Belson, Ken (13 November 2001). "Japan Airlines and Japan Air System Take Merger Move". New York Times. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  11. ^ "Japan Airlines, JAS Reported Near Merger". Associated Press. 12 November 2001. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  12. ^ "History of JAL". Japan Airlines. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  13. ^ "Japan Air System (JAS) Fleet Details and History - Planespotters.net Just Aviation". Planespotters.net. Archived from the original on 2014-03-27. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
  14. ^ "JAS 1971-1980." Japan Airlines. Retrieved on December 6, 2011. "[...]Japan Airlines Maintenance Center (9-1, 1-chome Haneda Airport, Ota-ku, Tokyo)" and "[...]Mori Building No. 18 (28 Nishikubo Akefunecho, Minato-ku, Tokyo)."
  15. ^ "JAS 1971-1980." (Japanese) Japan Airlines. Retrieved on December 13, 2011. "[...]羽田日本航空メンテナンスセンター（東京都大田区羽田空港1丁目9番1号）" and "[...]第18森ビル（東京都港区西久保明舟町28番）"
  16. ^ "1981-1990." Japan Airlines. Retrieved on December 6, 2011. "Moved JAS headquarters from Mori Building No. 18 to Mori Building No. 37."
  17. ^ "1981-1990 Archived 2011-09-15 at the Wayback Machine." (Japanese) Japan Airlines. Retrieved on December 13, 2011. "本社を第18森ビルから第37森ビルへ移転。"
  18. ^ "JAS 1991-2000." Japan Airlines. Retrieved on December 6, 2011.
  19. ^ "JAS 1991-2000 Archived 2011-09-16 at the Wayback Machine." (Japanese) Japan Airlines. Retrieved on December 13, 2011. "虎ノ門第37森ビルから羽田メンテナンスセンター1へ。"
  20. ^ "JAS 2001-2004." Japan Airlines. Retrieved on December 6, 2011.
  21. ^ a b "INTERNATIONAL TIMETABLE OCTOBER 1 - 31,1999."
  22. ^ a b c d e f "Month : 2001/2/1 - 2001/3/31 OKINAWA/AMAMIISLAND AREA." Japan Air System.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Month : 2001/2/1 - 2001/3/31 KYUSYU AREA." Japan Air System.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Month: 2001/2/1 - 2001/3/31 HOKKAIDO AREA." Japan Air System.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Month : 2001/2/1 - 2001/3/31 TOHOKU AREA." Japan Air System.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Month: 2001/2/1 - 2001/3/31 CHUGOKU/SHIKOKU AREA." Japan Air System.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Month: 2001/2/1 - 2001/3/31 KANTO AREA." Japan Air System.
  28. ^ a b "Month: 2000/12/22 - 2001/1/8 KANSAI/KINKI AREA." Japan Air System.
  29. ^ a b "Month: 2000/12/22 - 2001/1/8 CHUBU/HOKURIKU AREA." Japan Air System.
  30. ^ a b c d e f "JAS International Timetable NOVEMBER 1,1999- MARCH 25,2000." Japan Air System.
  31. ^ a b c d e "International Flight Information (Effective October 29, 2000?`March 24, 2001)." Japan Air System.
  32. ^ a b "International Routes". Japan Airlines.
  33. ^ a b Appears in current international timetable
  34. ^ "COMPANY NEWS; Japanese Give Boeing $820 Million Order." The New York Times. June 30, 1993.
  35. ^ "2002/11/15 Interim Financial Information Archived 2012-02-15 at the Wayback Machine." Japan Airlines.
  36. ^ "Japan Air System To Cut 1,000 Jobs [dead link‍]." Associated Press.
  37. ^ "TDA - Toa Domestic Airlines Fleet Details and History".
  38. ^ "Japan Air System (JAS) Fleet Details and History".
  39. ^ "Japan Air System".
  40. ^ a b c d e "Photo Gallery." Japan Air System.
  41. ^ "Japan Air System Accepts its First Pratt-Powered 777." PR Newswire.
  42. ^ a b Airliner Color History: McDonnell Douglas DC-10. 80.
  43. ^ "Card" (Japanese). Japan Air System. Retrieved on March 1, 2009.
  44. ^ "Accident Database: Accident Synopsis 07031971". Airdisaster.com. 1971-07-03. Archived from the original on 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2014-03-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  45. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident NAMC YS-11A-217 JA8764 Yokotsu Mt". Aviation-safety.net. 1971-07-03. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
  46. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident NAMC YS-11-125 JA8680 Osaka-Itami Airport (ITM)". Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  47. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-41 JA8448 Morioka-Hanamaki Airport (HNA)". Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
  48. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-81 (MD-81) JA8297 Tokunoshima Airport (TKN)". Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-06-11.
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