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Chemical compound
Pharmaceutical compound
Meclofenoxate (INN , BAN ; brand name Lucidril , also known as centrophenoxine ) is a cholinergic nootropic used as a dietary supplement .[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] It is an ester of dimethylethanolamine (DMAE) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (pCPA).
In elderly patients, meclofenoxate has been shown to improve performance on certain memory tests.[ 5] Meclofenoxate also increases cellular membrane phospholipids.[citation needed ] It is sold in Japan and some European countries, such as Germany , Hungary , and Austria , as a prescription drug .
Meclofenoxate is considered to be safe and high in tolerability . However, possible side effects may include, rarely, insomnia , dizziness , restlessness , muscle tremor , depression , nausea , muscle tension , and headache ; these side effects may be due to overdosage and may indicate the need for the dosage to be reduced.
Meclofenoxate, as well as DMAE, have been found to increase the lifespans of mice by 26.5%.[ 6] [ 7]
In addition to Lucidril, meclofenoxate has also been marketed under the brand names Amipolen, Analux, Brenal, Cellative, Centrophenoxin, Cerebron, Cerutil, Closete, Helfergin, Lucidryl, Lutiaron, Marucotol, Proserout, Proseryl, and Ropoxyl.[ 8] In the US, meclofenoxate is sold as a dietary supplement, although it is an unapproved drug.[ 4]
^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16 .
^ Elks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies . Springer. pp. 758–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3 .
^ Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory . Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 636–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1 .
^ a b Cohen PA, Avula B, Khan I (October 2022). "The unapproved drug centrophenoxine (meclofenoxate) in cognitive enhancement dietary supplements". Clinical Toxicology . 60 (10): 1156–1158. doi :10.1080/15563650.2022.2109485 . PMID 35959800 . S2CID 251516603 .
^ Marcer D, Hopkins SM (May 1977). "The differential effects of meclofenoxate on memory loss in the elderly" . Age and Ageing . 6 (2): 123–31. doi :10.1093/ageing/6.2.123 . PMID 329662 .
^ Donaldson T (1 January 2003). "A Brief History of Anti-aging Drugs" . In Klatz R, Goldman B (eds.). The Science of Anti-aging Medicine . American Academy of Anti-Aging Med. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-9668937-3-1 .
^ Hothschild R (August 1973). "Effect of dimethylamnioethyl p-chlorophenoxyacetate on the life span of male Swiss Webster Albino mice". Experimental Gerontology . 8 (4): 177–183. doi :10.1016/0531-5565(73)90024-7 . PMID 4147092 .
^ Zhou Y (22 October 2013). Drugs in Psychiatric Practice . Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4831-9193-5 .
mAChRs Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
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3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol )
Abediterol
AF-DX 250
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine , buclizine , captodiame , chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) , cinnarizine , clemastine , cyproheptadine , dimenhydrinate , dimetindene , diphenhydramine , doxylamine , meclizine , mequitazine , perlapine , phenindamine , pheniramine , phenyltoloxamine , promethazine , propiomazine , triprolidine )
AQ-RA 741
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CAR-226,086
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CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
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CS-27349
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DAU-5884
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EA-3167
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EA-3580
EA-3834
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J-104,129
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PD-0298029
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RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
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SCH-217,443
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WIN-2299
Xanomeline
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Precursors (and prodrugs )
nAChRs Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Agonists (and PAMs Tooltip positive allosteric modulators )
5-HIAA
6-Chloronicotine
A-84,543
A-366,833
A-582,941
A-867,744
ABT-202
ABT-418
ABT-560
ABT-894
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AR-R17779
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EVP-4473
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JNJ-39393406
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NS-1738
PHA-543,613
PHA-709,829
PNU-120,596
PNU-282,987
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RJR-2429
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SB-206553
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SIB-1508Y
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SSR-180,711
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TC-1698
TC-1734
TC-1827
TC-2216
TC-5214
TC-5619
TC-6683
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Tribendimidine
Tropisetron
UB-165
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WAY-317,538
XY-4083
Antagonists (and NAMs Tooltip negative allosteric modulators )
Precursors (and prodrugs )