National Democratic Alliance

National Democratic Alliance

*Rāṣṭrīya Lokatāntrik Gaṭhabandhan*
National Democratic Alliance Rāṣṭrīya Lokatāntrik Gaṭhabandhan
Abbreviation	NDA
Chairman	Amit Shah ; (Union Minister of Home Affairs)
Lok Sabha Leader	Narendra Modi; (Prime Minister)
Founder	Atal Bihari Vajpayee; Lal Krishna Advani; Pramod Mahajan; (Bharatiya Janata Party);
Founded	15 May 1998; 26 years ago
Ideology	National conservatism; Right-wing populism; Factions:; Liberal conservatism;
Political position	Right-wing; Factions:; Centre-right
ECI Status	Registered
Alliance	40 parties
Seats in Lok Sabha	293 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha	121 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies	2,170 / 4,036
Seats in State Legislative Councils	181 / 423
Number of states and union territories in government	20 / 31
	Politics of India; Political parties; Elections;

The National Democratic Alliance (NDA; ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Lokatāntrik Gaṭhabandhan) is an Indian big tent multi-party political alliance, led by country's biggest political party the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).^[6] It was founded on 15 May 1998^[7] and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 19 Indian states and one Union territory.

Its first chairman was then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. L. K. Advani, the former Deputy Prime Minister, took over as chairman in 2004 and served until 2014, and Amit Shah has been the chairman since 2014. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 general elections with a combined vote share of 38.5%.^[8] Its leader Narendra Modi was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014. In the 2019 general election, the alliance further increased its tally to 353 seats with combined vote share of 45.43%.^[9] The alliance lost 60 seats in the 2024 general election, but retained enough to form a coalition government, a first in over 10 years. On 7 June 2024, Modi confirmed the support of 293 MPs to Droupadi Murmu, the President of India.^[10] This marked Modi's third term as Prime Minister and his first time heading a coalition government,^[11] with the Telugu Desam Party of Andhra Pradesh and Janata Dal (United) of Bihar emerging as two main allies.^[12]^[13]^[14]

History

The NDA was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. The main aim of the NDA was to form an anti-Indian National Congress coalition. It was led by the BJP, and included several regional parties, including the Samata Party and the AIADMK, as well as Shiv Sena, but Shiv Sena broke away from the alliance in 2019 to join the Maha Vikas Aghadi with Congress and the NCP. Samata Party also broke away from alliance in 2003 after formation of Janta Dal (United). The Shiv Sena was the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.^[15]^[16] After the election, it was able to muster a slim majority with outside support from the Telugu Desam Party, allowing Atal Bihari Vajpayee to return as prime minister.^[17]

The government collapsed within a year because the AIADMK withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, and this time served a full five-year term.^[18]

The NDA called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the Lok Sabha, compared to the 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress, with Manmohan Singh succeeding Vajpayee as prime minister. Commentators have argued that the NDA's defeat was due to a failure to reach out to the rural masses.^[19]^[20] The scenario however changed quickly with the rise of Gujarat CM Narendra Modi who went on to become India's PM from 2014 onwards. The NDA currently has a supermajority government in the Lok Sabha.

Structure

The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and the issues that are raised in Parliament. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting among the allies.

Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the JD(U) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener.^[21] Later in 2018, after the withdrawal of TDP from NDA the post of convenor was vacant. However NDA allies like LJP demanded the appointment of a convenor in 2019 for better coordination of the allies.^[22]

On 27 July 2017 JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 August 2017 JD(U) formally rejoined the NDA after 4 years.^[23]

Strength in parliament

Party		Lok Sabha	Rajya Sabha	States/UTs
	Bharatiya Janata Party	240	96	National party
	Telugu Desam Party	16	0	Andhra Pradesh
	Janata Dal (United)	12	4	Bihar
	Shiv Sena	7	1	Maharashtra
	Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)	5	0	Bihar
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	2	1	Uttar Pradesh
	Janata Dal (Secular)	2	1	Karnataka
	Janasena Party	2	0	Andhra Pradesh
	Nationalist Congress Party	1	3	Maharashtra
	Asom Gana Parishad	1	1	Assam
	United People's Party Liberal	1	1	Assam
	All Jharkhand Students Union	1	0	Jharkhand
	Apna Dal (Sonelal)	1	0	Uttar Pradesh
	Hindustani Awam Morcha	1	0	Bihar
	Sikkim Krantikari Morcha	1	0	Sikkim
	National People's Party	0	1	National party
	Pattali Makkal Katchi	0	1	Tamil Nadu
	Republican Party of India (Athawale)	0	1	Maharashtra
	Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)	0	1	Tamil Nadu
	Naga People's Front	0	0	Nagaland
	Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party	0	0	Nagaland
	Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam	0	0	Tamil Nadu
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	0	0	Uttar Pradesh
	Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party	0	0	Goa
	All India N.R. Congress	0	0	Puducherry
	Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party	0	0	Bihar
	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena	0	0	Kerala
	Indigenous People's Front of Tripura	0	0	Tripura
	Prahar Janshakti Party	0	0	Maharashtra
	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	0	0	Maharashtra
	United Democratic Party	0	0	Meghalaya
	Hill State People's Democratic Party	0	0	Meghalaya
	Haryana Lokhit Party	0	0	Haryana
	Kerala Kamaraj Congress	0	0	Kerala
	Gorkha National Liberation Front	0	0	West Bengal
	Jan Surajya Shakti	0	0	Maharashtra
	IND	0	2	Tamil Nadu, Haryana
	NOM	0	6	None
Total	293	121	India

State wise MPS

Governments

The BJP has previously been the sole party in power in Delhi and Jharkhand. It has also ruled Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab as part of coalition and alliance governments.

The NDA has never been in power in 3 states – Kerala, Telangana (between 1999 and 2004 BJP in alliance with TDP ruled a United Andhra Pradesh), and West Bengal. But BJP led NDA has ruled many local governing institutions including corporations, municipalities, panchayats and has also been elected to many Lok Sabha constituencies, state assembly constituencies and local body divisions and wards in these 3 states.

List of current NDA governments

S.No	State/UT	NDA Govt since	Chief Minister					Alliance Partners		Seats	Last election
S.No	State/UT	NDA Govt since	Name	Party		Seats	Since	Alliance Partners		Seats	Last election
1	Andhra Pradesh (list)	12 June 2024	N. Chandrababu Naidu		TDP	135	12 June 2024		JSP (21)	164/175	4 June 2024
1	Andhra Pradesh (list)	12 June 2024	N. Chandrababu Naidu		TDP	135	12 June 2024		BJP (8)	164/175	4 June 2024
2	Arunachal Pradesh (list)	16 September 2016	Pema Khandu		BJP	46	16 September 2016		NPP (4)	54/60	2 June 2024
2	Arunachal Pradesh (list)	16 September 2016	Pema Khandu		BJP	46	16 September 2016		NCP (4)	54/60	2 June 2024
3	Assam (list)	19 May 2016	Himanta Biswa Sarma		BJP	61	10 May 2021		AGP (7)	74/126	2 May 2021
3	Assam (list)	19 May 2016	Himanta Biswa Sarma		BJP	61	10 May 2021		UPPL (7)	74/126	2 May 2021
4	Bihar (list)	28 January 2024	Nitish Kumar		JD (U)	47	28 January 2024		BJP (82)	133/243	10 November 2020
									HAM(S) (3)
									IND (1)
5	Chhattisgarh (list)	13 December 2023	Vishnu Deo Sai		BJP	53	13 December 2023	None		53/90	3 December 2023
6	Goa (list)	6 March 2012	Pramod Sawant		BJP	28	19 March 2019		MGP (2)	33/40	10 March 2022
6	Goa (list)	6 March 2012	Pramod Sawant		BJP	28	19 March 2019		IND (3)	33/40	10 March 2022
7	Gujarat (list)	28 February 1998	Bhupendra Patel		BJP	161	13 September 2021		IND (2)	163/182	8 December 2022
8	Haryana (list)	19 October 2014	Nayab Singh Saini		BJP	48	12 March 2024		IND (3)	51/90	8 October 2024
9	Madhya Pradesh (list)	23 March 2020	Mohan Yadav		BJP	164	13 December 2023	None		164/230	3 December 2023
10	Maharashtra (list)	30 June 2022	Eknath Shinde		SHS	38	30 June 2022		BJP (103)	200/288	24 October 2019
									NCP (40)
									PJP (2)
									RSP (1)
									JSS (1)
									MNS (1)
									IND (14)
11	Manipur (list)	15 March 2017	N. Biren Singh		BJP	37	15 March 2017		NPP (7)	52/60	10 March 2022
									NPF (5)
									JD(U) (1)
									IND (2)
12	Meghalaya (list)	6 March 2018	Conrad Sangma		NPP	28	6 March 2018		UDP (12)	46/60	2 March 2023
									BJP (2)
									HSPDP (2)
									IND (2)
13	Nagaland (list)	8 March 2018	Neiphiu Rio		NDPP	25	8 March 2018		BJP (12)	58/60	2 March 2023
									NCP (7)
									NPP (5)
									RPI(A) (2)
									LJP(RV) (2)
									IND (5)
14	Odisha (list)	12 June 2024	Mohan Charan Majhi		BJP	78	12 June 2024		IND (3)	81/147	4 June 2024
15	Puducherry^{[clarification needed]} (list)	7 May 2021	N. Rangasamy		AINRC	10	7 May 2021		BJP (9)	25/33	2 May 2021
15	Puducherry^{[clarification needed]} (list)	7 May 2021	N. Rangasamy		AINRC	10	7 May 2021		IND (6)	25/33	2 May 2021
16	Rajasthan (list)	15 December 2023	Bhajan Lal Sharma		BJP	115	15 December 2023		SHS (2)	124/200	3 December 2023
									RLD (1)
									IND (6)
17	Sikkim (list)	27 May 2019	Prem Singh Tamang		SKM	31	27 May 2019	None		31/32	2 June 2024
18	Tripura (list)	9 March 2018	Manik Saha		BJP	33	15 May 2022		TMP (13)	47/60	2 March 2023
18	Tripura (list)	9 March 2018	Manik Saha		BJP	33	15 May 2022		IPFT (1)	47/60	2 March 2023
19	Uttar Pradesh (list)	17 March 2017	Yogi Adityanath		BJP	252	17 March 2017		AD(S) (13)	284/403	10 March 2022
									RLD (8)
									SBSP (6)
									NP (5)
20	Uttarakhand (list)	18 March 2017	Pushkar Singh Dhami		BJP	47	3 July 2021	None		47/70	10 March 2022

Strength in legislative assemblies

Strength in state legislative assemblies

Source: ^[24]
State/UT	Seats	BJP	NDA		Overall Tally	CM from
Andhra Pradesh	175	8		TDP(135)	164 / 175	TDP
Andhra Pradesh	175	8		JSP (21)	164 / 175	TDP
Arunachal Pradesh	60	46		NPP (5)	59 / 60	BJP
				NCP (3)
				PPA (2)
				IND (3)
Assam	126	64		AGP (8)	79 / 126	BJP
Assam	126	64		UPPL (7)	79 / 126	BJP
Bihar	243	82		JD(U) (45)	133 / 243	JD(U)
				HAM(S) (4)
				IND (2)
Chhattisgarh	90	54	None		54 / 90	BJP
Delhi	70	7	None		7 / 70	AAP
Goa	40	28		MGP (2)	33 / 40	BJP
Goa	40	28		IND (3)	33 / 40	BJP
Gujarat	182	162		IND (2)	164 / 182	BJP
Haryana	90	48		IND (3)	51 / 90	BJP
Himachal Pradesh	68	28	None		28 / 68	INC
Jammu and Kashmir	90	28	None		28 / 90	JKNC
Jharkhand	81	21		AJSU (1)	24 / 81	JMM
				JD(U) (1)		JMM
				LJP(RV) (1)
Karnataka	224	66		JD(S) (18)	84 / 224	INC
Kerala	140	0	None		0 / 140	CPI(M)
Madhya Pradesh	230	165	None		165 / 230	BJP
Maharashtra	288	132		SHS (57)	237 / 288	TBD
				NCP (41)
				JSS (2)
				RSP (1)
				RYSP (1)
				RSVA (1)
				IND (2)
Manipur	60	37		NPP (7)	53 / 60	BJP
				NPF (5)
				JD(U) (1)
				IND (3)
Meghalaya	60	2		NPP (31)	49 / 60	NPP
				UDP(12)
				HSPDP (2)
				IND (2)
Mizoram	40	2	None		2 / 40	ZPM
Nagaland	60	12		NDPP (25)	58 / 60	NDPP
				NCP (7)
				NPP (5)
				RPI(A) (2)
				LJP(RV) (2)
				IND (5)
Odisha	147	78		IND (3)	81 / 147	BJP
Puducherry	33	9		AINRC (10)	25 / 33	AINRC
Puducherry	33	9		IND (6)	25 / 33	AINRC
Punjab	117	2	None		2 / 117	AAP
Rajasthan	200	119		SHS (2)	129 / 200	BJP
				RLD (1)
				IND (6)
Sikkim	32	0		SKM (32)	32 / 32	SKM
Tamil Nadu	234	4		PMK (5)	13 / 234	DMK
Tamil Nadu	234	4		OPS Faction (4)	13 / 234	DMK
Telangana	119	8	None		8 / 119	INC
Tripura	60	33		TMP (13)	47 / 60	BJP
Tripura	60	33		IPFT (1)	47 / 60	BJP
Uttar Pradesh	403	257		AD(S) (13)	290 / 403	BJP
				RLD (9)
				SBSP (6)
				NISHAD (5)
Uttarakhand	70	47	None		47 / 70	BJP
West Bengal	294	66	None		66 / 294	AITC
Total	4126	1,540	562		2,102 / 4,036	NDA (20)

List of presidents and vice presidents

Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of President and Vice President are apolitical.

Presidents

No.	Name (birth–death)	Term of office Electoral mandates Time in office		Previous post	Vice president	Party^[25]
11	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015)	25 July 2002	25 July 2007	Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India	Krishan Kant (2002) Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (2002–2007)	Independent
		2002
		5 years
		Kalam was an educator and engineer who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.^[26] He also received the Bharat Ratna. He was popularly known as "People's President".^[27]^[28]^[29]
14	Ram Nath Kovind (b.1945)	25 July 2017	25 July 2022	Governor of Bihar	Mohammad Hamid Ansari (2017) Venkaiah Naidu (2017–2022)	Bharatiya Janata Party
		2017
		5 years
		Kovind was governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and a Member of Parliament from 1994 to 2006. He is the second Dalit president (after K. R. Narayanan) and is the first president from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and is an active member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) since his youth.^[30]
15	Droupadi Murmu (b.1958)	25 July 2022	Incumbent	Governor of Jharkhand	Venkaiah Naidu (2022) Jagdeep Dhankhar (2022–)	Bharatiya Janata Party
		2022
		2 years, 128 days
		Murmu was governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021 and the Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 2000 to 2009. She held several ministerial portfolios in Government of Odisha. She is the first Tribal and second female President of India and is the second president from the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Vice presidents

No.	Name (birth–death)^[31]	Elected (% votes)	Took office	Left office	Term	President	Party
11	Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (1925–2010)	2002 (59.82)	19 August 2002	21 July 2007	4 years, 336 days	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam	Bharatiya Janata Party
13	Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu (b. 1949)	2017 (67.89)	11 August 2017	11 August 2022	5 years	Ram Nath Kovind
14	Jagdeep Dhankhar (b. 1951)	2022 (74.50)	11 August 2022	Incumbent	2 years, 111 days	Droupadi Murmu

List of prime ministers

No.	Prime ministers	Portrait	Term in office			Lok Sabha	Cabinet	Constituency	Party
No.	Prime ministers	Portrait	Start	End	Tenure	Lok Sabha	Cabinet	Constituency	Party
1	Atal Bihari Vajpayee		19 March 1998	10 October 1999	6 years, 64 days	12th	Vajpayee II	Lucknow	Bharatiya Janata Party
1	Atal Bihari Vajpayee		10 October 1999	22 May 2004	6 years, 64 days	13th	Vajpayee III	Lucknow
2	Narendra Modi		26 May 2014	30 May 2019	10 years, 188 days	16th	Modi I	Varanasi
			30 May 2019	9 June 2024		17th	Modi II
			9 June 2024	Incumbent		18th	Modi III

List of deputy prime ministers

No.	Deputy Prime minister	Portrait	Term in office			Lok Sabha	Prime Minister	Constituency
No.	Deputy Prime minister	Portrait	Start	End	Tenure	Lok Sabha	Prime Minister	Constituency
1	L. K. Advani		29 June 2002	22 May 2004	1 year, 328 days	13th	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	Gandhinagar

List of chief ministers

Chief ministers from the National Democratic Alliance
S.No	State	Name
1.	Andhra Pradesh	N. Chandrababu Naidu	Naidu IV
2.	Arunachal Pradesh	Pema Khandu	Pema Khandu V
3.	Assam	Himanta Biswa Sarma	Sarma
4.	Bihar	Nitish Kumar	Kumar IX
5.	Chhattisgarh	Vishnu Deo Sai	Sai
6.	Goa	Pramod Sawant	Pramod Sawant II
7.	Gujarat	Bhupendrabhai Patel	Bhupendrabhai Patel II
8.	Haryana	Nayab Singh Saini	Saini II
9.	Madhya Pradesh	Mohan Yadav	Mohan Yadav
10.	Maharashtra	Eknath Shinde	Eknath Shinde
11.	Manipur	N. Biren Singh	N. Biren Singh II
12.	Meghalaya	Conrad Sangma	Conrad Sangma II
13.	Nagaland	Neiphiu Rio	Neiphiu Rio V
14.	Odisha	Mohan Charan Majhi	Majhi
15.	Puducherry	N. Rangaswamy	N. Rangaswamy IV
16.	Rajasthan	Bhajan Lal Sharma	Sharma
17.	Sikkim	Prem Singh Tamang	Prem Singh Tamang II
18.	Tripura	Manik Saha	Manik Saha II
19.	Uttar Pradesh	Yogi Adityanath	Yogi Adityanath II
20.	Uttarakhand	Pushkar Singh Dhami	Pushkar Singh Dhami II

List of deputy chief ministers

Deputy chief ministers from the National Democratic Alliance
S.No	State	Name
1.	Andhra Pradesh	Pawan Kalyan
2.	Arunachal Pradesh	Chowna Mein
3.	Bihar	Samrat Choudhary
3.	Bihar	Vijay Kumar Sinha
4.	Chhattisgarh	Arun Sao
4.	Chhattisgarh	Vijay Sharma
5.	Madhya Pradesh	Jagdish Devda
5.	Madhya Pradesh	Rajendra Shukla
6.	Maharashtra	Devendra Fadnavis
6.	Maharashtra	Ajit Pawar
7.	Meghalaya	Prestone Tynsong
7.	Meghalaya	Sniawbhalang Dhar
8.	Nagaland	T. R. Zeliang
8.	Nagaland	Yanthungo Patton
9.	Odisha	Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo
9.	Odisha	Pravati Parida
10.	Rajasthan	Diya Kumari
10.	Rajasthan	Prem Chand Bairwa
11.	Uttar Pradesh	Brijesh Pathak
11.	Uttar Pradesh	Keshav Prasad Maurya

Member parties

As of March 2024, there are 39 political parties that are members of the alliance. The Bharatiya Janata Party and the National People's Party are the only two political parties being recognised by the Election Commission of India as national parties.^[32] Other parties in the alliance are either recognised as state level parties or unrecognised parties.

Political party		Abbr.	Flag	Election symbol	Leader	Seats		Base
Political party		Abbr.	Flag	Election symbol	Leader	Lok Sabha	Rajya Sabha
National Party
	Bharatiya Janata Party	BJP			Jagat Prakash Nadda	240 / 543	93 / 245		National party
	National People's Party	NPP			Conrad Sangma	0 / 543	1 / 245	National party
State party
	Janata Dal (United)	JDU			Nitish Kumar	12 / 543	5 / 245	Bihar
	Telugu Desam Party	TDP			N. Chandrababu Naidu	16 / 543	0 / 245	Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
	Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)	LJPRV			Chirag Paswan	5 / 543	0 / 245	Bihar and Nagaland
	All Jharkhand Students Union	AJSUP			Sudesh Mahto	1 / 543	0 / 245	Jharkhand
	All India N.R. Congress	AINRC			N. Rangasamy	0 / 543	0 / 245	Puducherry
	Apna Dal (Soneylal)	ADS			Anupriya Patel	1 / 543	0 / 245	Uttar Pradesh
	Asom Gana Parishad	AGP			Atul Bora	1 / 543	1 / 245	Assam
	Hill State People's Democratic Party	HSPDP			K. P. Pangniang	0 / 543	0 / 245	Meghalaya
	Indigenous People's Front of Tripura	IPFT			Prem Kumar Reang	0 / 543	0 / 245	Tripura
	Janasena Party	JSP			Pawan Kalyan	2 / 543	0 / 245	Andhra Pradesh
	Janata Dal (Secular)	JDS			H. D. Deve Gowda	2 / 543	1 / 245	Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala
	Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party	MGP			Sudin Dhavalikar	0 / 543	0 / 245	Goa
	Naga People's Front	NPF			Küzholuzo Nienü	0 / 543	0 / 245	Manipur and Nagaland
	Nationalist Congress Party	NCP			Ajit Pawar	1 / 543	2 / 245	Maharashtra and Nagaland
	Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party	NDPP			Neiphiu Rio	0 / 543	0 / 245	Nagaland
	Shiv Sena	SHS			Eknath Shinde	7 / 543	0 / 245	Maharashtra
	Sikkim Krantikari Morcha	SKM			Prem Singh Tamang	1 / 543	0 / 245	Sikkim
	Tipra Motha Party	TMP			Maharaja Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma	0 / 543	0 / 245	Tripura
	United Democratic Party	UDP			Metbah Lyngdoh	0 / 543	0 / 245	Meghalaya
	United People's Party Liberal	UPPL			Pramod Boro	1 / 543	1 / 245	Assam
Unrecognised Party
	Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazaga Urimai Meetpu Kuzhu	ADMKTUMK			O. Panneerselvam	0 / 543	1 / 245	Unregistered Party
	Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam	AMMK			T. T. V. Dhinakaran	0 / 543	0 / 245	Tamil Nadu
	Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam	TMMK			B. John Pandian	0 / 543	0 / 245	Tamil Nadu
	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena	BDJS			Thushar Vellappally	0 / 543	0 / 245	Kerala
	Gorkha National Liberation Front	GNLF			Mann Ghising	0 / 543	0 / 245	West Bengal
	Haryana Lokhit Party	HLP			Gopal Kanda	0 / 543	0 / 245	Haryana
	Hindustani Awam Morcha	HAM			Jitan Ram Manjhi	1 / 543	0 / 245	Bihar
	Jan Surajya Shakti	JSS			Vinay Kore	0 / 543	0 / 245	Maharashtra
	NISHAD Party	NP			Sanjay Nishad	0 / 543	0 / 245	Uttar Pradesh
	Prahar Janshakti Party	PJP			Bachchu Kadu	0 / 543	0 / 245	Maharashtra
	Pattali Makkal Katchi	PMK			Anbumani Ramadoss	0 / 543	1 / 245	Tamil Nadu
	Puthiya Needhi Katchi	PNK			A. C. Shanmugam	0 / 543	0 / 245	Tamil Nadu
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	RLD			Chowdhry Jayant Singh	2 / 543	1 / 245	Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan
	Rashtriya Lok Morcha	RLM			Upendra Kushwaha	0 / 543	0 / 245	Bihar
	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	RSP			Mahadev Jankar	0 / 543	0 / 245	Maharashtra
	Republican Party of India (Athawale)	RPIA			Ramdas Athawale	0 / 543	1 / 245	Maharashtra
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	SBSP			Om Prakash Rajbhar	0 / 543	0 / 245	Uttar Pradesh
	Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party	RLJP			Pashupati Kumar Paras	0 / 543	0 / 245	Bihar
	Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)	TMCM			G. K. Vasan	0 / 543	1 / 245	Tamil Nadu
TOTAL						293 / 543	121 / 245

Candidates in elections

Lok Sabha general elections

List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 1998 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 1999 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2004 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2009 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2024 Indian general election

Electoral history

Lok Sabha 1998 general election

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No.	Party	Alliance in states	Seats contested	Seats won
1	Bharatiya Janata Party	All States and UTs	388	182	21
2	All India Trinamool Congress	West Bengal	28	7	7
3	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu Pondicherry	23	18	18
4	Samata Party	Bihar Uttar Pradesh	23	12	4
5	Shiv Sena	Maharashtra	22	6	9
6	Biju Janata Dal	Orissa	12	9	9
7	Lok Shakti	Karnataka Nagaland	11	3	3
8	Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	8	8
9	Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	5	4	4
10	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	5	3	3
11	Haryana Vikas Party	Haryana	4	1	2
12	NTR Telugu Desam Party (LP)	Andhra Pradesh	3	0
13	Janata Dal	Punjab Bihar	2	2	45
14	Manipur State Congress Party	Manipur	1	1	1
15	Janata Party	Tamil Nadu	1	1	1
16	Sikkim Democratic Front	Sikkim	1	1	1
17	Satnam Singh Kainth (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Punjab	1	1	1
18	Vazhappady K. Ramamurthy (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Tamil Nadu	1	1	1
19	Maneka Gandhi (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Uttar Pradesh	1	1	1
20	Suresh Kalmadi (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Maharashtra	1	0	1
Total NDA candidates			541	261	75

Lok Sabha 1999 general election

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No.	Party	Alliance in states	Seats contested	Seats won
1	Bharatiya Janata Party	All States and UTs	339	182
2	Janata Dal (United)	Bihar Karnataka Uttar Pradesh Kerala Rajasthan Lakshadweep	41	21	21
3	Telugu Desam Party	Andhra Pradesh	34	29	17
4	All India Trinamool Congress	West Bengal Tripura	29	8	1
5	Shiv Sena	Maharashtra	22	15	9
6	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	19	12
7	Biju Janata Dal	Orissa	12	10	1
8	Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	9	2	6
9	Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu Pondicherry	8	5	1
10	Indian National Lok Dal	Haryana	5	5	5
11	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	5	4	1
12	Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress	Uttar Pradesh	4	2	2
13	Bihar People's Party	Bihar	2	0
14	Himachal Vikas Congress	Himachal Pradesh	1	1	1
15	Manipur State Congress Party	Manipur	1	1	1
16	MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	1	1	1
17	Sikkim Democratic Front	Sikkim	1	1
18	Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress	Tamil Nadu	1	0
19	Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha	Punjab	1	0
20	Arunachal Congress	Arunachal Pradesh	1	0
21	Socialist Republican Party	Kerala	1	0
22	Maneka Gandhi (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Uttar Pradesh	1	1
23	Vanlalzawma (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Mizoram	1	1	1
24	Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Assam	1	1	1
25	Pawan Pandey (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Uttar Pradesh	1	0
26	Natabar Bagdi (independent candidate supported by BJP)	West Bengal	1	0
27	Elwin Teron (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Assam	1	0
Total NDA candidates			543	302	57

Lok Sabha 2004 general election

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No.	Party	Alliance in states	Seats contested	Seats won
1	Bharatiya Janata Party	All States and UTs	364	138	44
2	Janata Dal (United)	Bihar Karnataka Uttar Pradesh Lakshadweep Assam	33	8	13
3	Telugu Desam Party	Andhra Pradesh	33	5	24
4	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	33	0	10
5	All India Trinamool Congress	West Bengal Meghalaya Tripura	31	2	6
6	Shiv Sena	Maharashtra	22	12	3
7	Biju Janata Dal	Orissa	12	11	1
8	Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	10	8	6
9	Indian Federal Democratic Party	Kerala	1	1	13
10	Sikkim Democratic Front	Sikkim	1	1
11	Naga People's Front	Nagaland	1	1	1
12	Mizo National Front	Mizoram	1	1	1
13	Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary (Independent candidate) supported by BJP	Assam	1	1	1
Total NDA Candidates			543	189	113

Lok Sabha 2009 general election

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No.	Party	Alliance in states	Seats contested	Seats won
1	Bharatiya Janata Party	All States and UTs	433	116	22
2	Janata Dal (United)	Bihar Jharkhand Kerala Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh	32	20	12
3	Shiv Sena	Maharashtra Tamil Nadu	24	11	1
4	Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	10	4	4
5	Rashtriya Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	7	5	2
6	Asom Gana Parishad	Assam	6	1	5
7	Indian National Lok Dal	Haryana	5	0	5
8	Naga People's Front	Nagaland	1	1
9	Ajitrao Ghorpade (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Maharashtra	1	0	1
10	H. Lallungmuana (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Mizoram	1	0	1
Total			520	158	31

Lok Sabha 2014 general election

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No.	Party	Alliance in states	Seats contested	Seats won
1	Bharatiya Janata Party	All states and UTs	422	282	166
2	Telugu Desam Party	Andhra Pradesh	30	16	10
3	Shiv Sena	Maharashtra	23	18	7
4	Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	14	0
5	Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	10	4
6	Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	8	1
7	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	7	0
8	Lok Janshakti Party	Bihar	7	6	2
9	Rashtriya Lok Samta Party	Bihar	3	3
10	Apna Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2	2
11	Swabhimani Paksha	Maharashtra	2	1
12	Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)	Haryana	2	0
13	All India N.R. Congress	Puducherry	1	1
14	National People's Party	Meghalaya	1	1
15	Naga People's Front	Nagaland	1	1
16	Puthiya Needhi Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0
17	Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0
18	Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0
19	Republican Party of India (A)	Maharashtra	1	0
20	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	Maharashtra	1	0
21	Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik)	Kerala	1	0
22	Kerala Congress (Nationalist)	Kerala	1	0
23	Mizo National Front	Mizoram	1	0
24	Urkhao Gwra Brahma (Independent candidate)	Assam	1	0
Total NDA Candidates			542	336	178

Contested on BJP symbol lotus

Lok Sabha 2019 general election

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No.	Party	Alliance in states	Seats contested	Seats won
1	Bharatiya Janata Party	All states and UTs	437	303	21
2	Shiv Sena	Maharasthra	23	18
3	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	20	1	36
4	Janata Dal (United)	Bihar	17	16	14
5	Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	10	2	2
6	Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	7	0	1
7	Lok Janshakti Party	Bihar	6	6
8	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena	Kerala	4	0	New
9	Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	4	0
10	Asom Gana Parishad	Assam	3	0
11	Apna Dal (Sonelal)	Uttar Pradesh	2	2	New
12	All Jharkhand Students Union	Jharkhand	1	1	1
13	Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party	Nagaland	1	1	New
14	Rashtriya Loktantrik Party	Rajasthan	1	1	New
15	Tamil Maanila Congress	Tamil Nadu	1	0	New
16	Puthiya Needhi Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0
17	Puthiya Tamilagam	Tamil Nadu	1	0
18	Bodoland People's Front	Assam	1	0
19	Kerala Congress (Thomas)	Kerala	1	0	New
20	All India N.R. Congress	Pudhucherry	1	0	1
21	Sumalatha (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Karnataka	1	1	1
Total			543	352	16

Contested on AIADMK two leaves symbol

Lok Sabha 2024 general election

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (pre-poll alliance)
No.	Party	Alliance in states	Seats contested	Seats won
1	Bharatiya Janata Party	All states and UTs	437	240	63
2	Telugu Desam Party	Andhra Pradesh	17	16	13
3	Janata Dal (United)	Bihar	16	12	4
4	Shiv Sena	Maharasthra	15	7	11
5	Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	10	0
6	Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)	Bihar	5	5	New
7	Nationalist Congress Party	Maharashtra Lakshadweep	5	1	4
8	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena	Kerala	4	0
9	Janata Dal (Secular)	Karnataka	3	2	1
10	Tamil Maanila Congress	Tamil Nadu	3	0
11	Apna Dal (Sonelal)	Uttar Pradesh	2	1	1
12	Asom Gana Parishad	Assam	2	1	1
13	Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	2	0
14	Jana Sena Party	Andhra Pradesh	2	2	2
15	National People's Party	Meghalaya	2	0	1
16	Rashtriya Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2	2	2
17	All Jharkhand Students Union	Jharkhand	1	1
18	Hindustani Awam Morcha	Bihar	1	1	1
19	Naga People's Front	Manipur	1	0	1
20	Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party	Nagaland	1	0	1
21	Rashtriya Lok Morcha	Bihar	1	0	New
22	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	Maharashtra	1	0
23	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1	0
24	United People's Party Liberal	Assam	1	1	1
25	Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0
26	Puthiya Needhi Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0
27	Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	1	0
28	Inthiya Makkal Kalvi Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	1	0
29	O. Panneerselvam (independent candidate supported by BJP)	Tamil Nadu	1	0
30	Maharashtra Navnirman Sena	Maharashtra	DNC	DNC	DNC
Total			540	292	60

Contested by BJP symbol lotus

Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi
Puthiya Needhi Katchi
Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
Inthiya Makkal Kalvi Munnetra Kazhagam

Electoral performance

Election	Seats won	Change	Total votes	Share of votes	Swing	Status	NDA Leader
1998	265 / 543	New	150,679,142	40.90%	New	Government	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1999	302 / 543	37	149,823,824	41.12%	3.84%	Government	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
2004	188 / 543	114	141,623,671	36.34%	2.52%	Opposition	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
2009	158 / 543	30	101,361,535	24.30%	4.94%	Opposition	L. K. Advani
2014	336 / 543	178	211,784,403	38.66%	12.00%	Government	Narendra Modi
2019	353 / 543	17	272,836,794	44.90%	10.28%	Government	Narendra Modi
2024	293 / 543	60	283,010,926	44.29%	0.61%	Government	Narendra Modi

Timeline

1999

The Telugu Desam Party extended outside support to the NDA, allowing Atal Bihari Vajpayee to become the first BJP Prime Minister.^[33]^[34]

2004

Telugu Desam Party withdrew from the NDA.^[35]

2009

The Telangana Rashtra Samithi in United Andhra Pradesh, joined the NDA on 10 May 2009^[36]^[37] and subsequently denied the fact that it joined NDA and clarified that they only extended the support.^[38]
Indian National Lok Dal in Haryana, joined the NDA on 19 September 2009,^[39] but later withdrawed it.

2011

Kuldeep Bishnoi led Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Joined NDA.
Ramdas Athawale led Republican Party of India (A) Joined NDA.
Ajit Singh led Rashtriya Lok Dal withdrawn from the NDA.

2012

Presidential election

NDA nominated P. A. Sangma as its presidential candidate who lost against UPA's Pranab Mukherjee.

Vice-Presidential election

Jaswant Singh was named as the candidate for the post of Vice-President against UPA's Hamid Ansari. Ansari won his second term in office.^[40]

2013

On 16 June 2013, Nitish Kumar led Janta Dal United has withdrawn from NDA.
On 13 September 2013, Narendra Modi declared as PM candidate for 2014 Elections.

2014

On 1 January 2014, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam leader Vaiko has announced that MDMK formally joined back to NDA.
The two small parties viz Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam and Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi have also joined NDA.
The BJP would like two more southern parties such as Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi to also join the alliance.^[41]
In Maharashtra, two regional political outfits, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha, joined NDA in January.^[42]
The coalition of five parties is termed as Mahayuti. So in Maharashtra now NDA alliance consist of 5 Parties viz BJP, Shiv Sena, Republican Party of India, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha.^[43]
On 23 February 2014, Rashtriya Lok Samata Party led by Upendra Kushwaha joined NDA and will be contesting at 3 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar.^[44]
On 27 February 2014 Lok Janshakti Party led by Ram Vilas Paswan joined NDA^[45] It would contest at 7 Lok Sabha Seats in Bihar during 2014 Elections.^[46]
DMDK will be fighting Lok Sabha Election through an alliance with BJP led NDA.^[47]
Pattali Makkal Katchi led Social Democratic Alliance are the other allies of NDA in Tamil Nadu.
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena : Its President, Raj Thackeray announced external support to NDA on 9 March 2014 which is marked as Party's formation day, supporting Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.
Indian National Lok Dal : Its Gen. Sec., Sh. Ajay Singh Chautala announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.
Lok Satta Party : President Shri J P Narayan announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate
All India NR Congress (AINRC) formally joined NDA on 13 March 2014 and will be contesting in Puducherry.^[48]
On 6 April 2014, Telugu Desam Party rejoined the NDA after breaking the alliance in 2004 following the general election defeat.^[49]
Shiv Sena Though Shiv Sena has quit Mahayuti in Maharashtra, before Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections 2014, but has decided to remain with NDA at the centre.^[50]
All Jharkhand Students Union clinched an alliance with BJP for Jharkhand Assembly elections under which its junior partner will contest eight of the 81 seats in the state.^[51]

2015

Bharatiya Janata Party on 27 February 2015 clinched an alliance with People's Democratic Party for Government Formation in Jammu and Kashmir under which its CM will be from PDP.^[52]
In the month of November, BJP alliance lost the legislative assembly election in Bihar to the Mahagathbandhan comprising JD(U), RJD and the INC.

2016

In January 2016, Bharatiya Janata Party clinched an alliance with Bodoland People's Front in Assam.^[53]
In March 2016, after a meeting with AGP President Atul Bora and former Chief Minister Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, BJP formed an alliance with Asom Gana Parishad for upcoming Assam legislative assembly election 2016.^[54]
BJP also aligned with Rabha and Tiwa Tribe outfit Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch and Tiwa Jatiya Aikya Manch.
In March 2016, BJP forged an alliance with Kerala-based Ezhava outfit Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Party for Kerala Elections 2016.^[55]
Following BJP's victory in the Assam Legislative Assembly Elections 2016, the party formed an alliance of like-minded non-Congress parties in the Northeast, called the North-East Democratic Alliance, consisting of 11 regional parties of Northeast India.
Himanta Biswa Sarma, BJP leader from Assam has been appointed Convener of the regional alliance.
On 21 December 2016, Khandu was suspended from the party by the party president and Takam Pario was named as the next likely Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh replacing Khandu after People's Party of Arunachal suspended Khandu along with 6 other MLAs.^[56]^[57]^[58]
In December 2016, Khandu proved majority on the floor with 33 of the People's Party of Arunachal's 43 legislators joining the Bharatiya Janata Party as the BJP party increased its strength to 45 and it has the support of two independents. He became second Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh of Bharatiya Janata Party in Arunachal Pradesh after the 44 days lead Gegong Apang government in 2003.^[59]^[60]

2017

In January 2017, Bharatiya Janata Party's alliance partner Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in Goa and Shiv Sena in Maharashtra came together to contest Goa Legislative Assembly election in 2017 against the BJP with another Sangh Pariwar group called Goa Suraksha Manch.^[61]
The results of the 2017 Goa Assembly election gave rise to a hung assembly since no political party could achieve a complete majority of 21 in the 40 member Goa Legislative Assembly.
The Indian National Congress emerged the largest party with 17 seats but ultimately, the Bharatiya Janata Party which emerged victorious in 13 constituencies formed the government with the support of the Goa Forward Party, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and independents.^[62]
The Goa Forward Party expressed its support to the Bharatiya Janata Party on the condition that the then Union Defence Minister of India Manohar Parrikar would return to Goa as the Chief Minister of Goa.^[63]
On 15 March 2017, N. Biren Singh was sworn as the Chief Minister by having coalition with NPP, NPF, LJP and others, the first time that BJP formed a government in Manipur, though the INC emerged as the single largest party.
On 27 July 2017, Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA and formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and Sushil Kumar Modi as the Deputy Chief Minister, and with that BJP completed its domination in Hindi belt.^[64]

2018

On 9 March 2018, Biplab Kumar Deb was sworn as the Chief Minister having a pre-poll alliance with IPFT, the first time that BJP formed a government in Tripura.
On 16 March 2018, Telugu Desam Party withdrew from the NDA citing the BJP's failure to fulfill the promises made in the State Reorganisation Act and to grant special status to Andhra Pradesh.^[65]^[66]^[67]
Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) withdrew from the NDA on 10 December 2018, citing a lack of progress on development in Bihar.^[68]
In December 2018's state elections, the NDA lost elections in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh to the INC. In Chhattisgarh, BJP was defeated by the INC with 3/4th majority. It was also defeated by the TRS in Telangana and BJP managed to win only 1 seat out of the 119 constituencies in Telangana

2019

On 7 January 2019, the AGP withdrew from the NDA and also from the Assam Government on the issue of citizenship amendment bill.
On 21 January 2019, the GJM withdrew from the NDA and extended the support to Mamata Banerjee .
On 19 February 2019, AIADMK and PMK rejoined NDA and BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
On 19 February 2019, Pattali Makkal Katchi rejoined NDA
BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
On 10 March 2019, DMDK rejoined NDA.
On 8 March 2019 in Sikkim, BJP joined hands with opposition party SKM
On 12 March 2019 in Assam, BJP joined hands with old ally AGP^[69]
On 12 March 2019 in Maharashtra, Rayat Kranti Sanghatana is a part of NDA^[70]
On 25 March 2019 in Tamil Nadu, Puthiya Needhi Katchi is a part of Alliance^[71]
On 4 April 2019 in Rajasthan, BJP joined hands with the RLP^[72]
On 5 April 2019 in Uttar Pradesh, Nishad Party joined hands with NDA^[73]
On 23 May 2019 NDA won the 2019 Indian General election with record breaking 352 seats with its allys
In May 2019, NDA lost state elections of Andhra Pradesh & Odisha
In May 2019, NDA won the state elections of Arunachal Pradesh & Sikkim.
On 25 October 2019 in Haryana,

JJP joined hands with NDA to forming a stable government at Haryana with BJP^[74]

On 11 November 2019 in Maharashtra,

Shiv Sena exited from the NDA, as BJP was not willing to agree for Sharing CM Post with Shiv Sena to form government in Maharashtra.^[75]

In November 2019, NDA won the state election of Haryana
In November 2019, NDA lost the state election of Maharashtra
On 15 November 2019 in Jharkhand,

BJP, AJSU sever ties in Jharkhand days before Assembly elections 2019.^[76]

On 23 November 2019 in Maharashtra, NCP (Ajit Pawar Faction) joined NDA, Ajit Pawar took oath as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister.
On 26 November 2019 in Maharashtra, Ajit Pawar resigns as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister. With immediate effect Devendra Fadnvis also resigns from the post of CM of Maharashtra. His term becomes the shortest term as Maharashtra's Chief Minister.
In December 2019, NDA lost the state election of Jharkhand.

2020

On 16 January 2020 Jana Sena of Pawan Kalyan announced that tying up with Bharatiya Janata Party in Andhra Pradesh, this decision came after Chief minister Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy's intention to decentralise the capital, instead of developing Amaravati.^[77]^[78]^[79]
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) led by Babulal Marandi merged with the Bharatiya Janata Party on 17 February 2020, at Jagannathpur Maidan, Ranchi in presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, BJP president Jagat Prakash Nadda and former Chief Ministers of Jharkhand Arjun Munda and Raghubar Das.^[80]^[81]^[82]^{[excessive citations]} Earlier, Marandi expelled MLAs Pradeep Yadav and Bandhu Tirkey from the party for "anti-party activities".^[83] Both of them later joined Indian National Congress in its Delhi headquarters.^[84]
In February 2020, NDA lost the state election of Delhi
In August 2020, Hindustani Awam Morcha re-joined NDA & granted 7 seats to contest in 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
Shiromani Akali Dal announced leaving NDA in September 2020.
In October 2020, the Vikassheel Insaan Party which had left the Mahagathbandhan (Bihar) joined the National Democratic Alliance and was granted 11 seats to contest.
In October 2020, The All Jharkhand Students Union re-joined NDA.
In October 2020, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha broke the alliance ahead of 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election and allied with All India Trinamool Congress.^[85]
In October 2020, Kerala Congress (Thomas) broke the alliance ahead of 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election and allied with United Democratic Front.^[86]
In November 2020, BJP had the alliance with Bodoland People's Front ahead of 2020 Bodoland Territorial Council election.^[87]^{[irrelevant citation]}
In November 2020, NDA won the state election of Bihar.
In December 2020, United People's Party Liberal and Gana Suraksha Party joined the NDA and NEDA as alliance to Executive Committee in Bodoland Territorial Council.^[88]^[89]
In December 2020, Rashtriya Loktantrik Party broken the alliance on the issue of 3 agriculture reforms laws.^[90]

2021

In March 2021, Kerala Congress (Thomas) Has Withdrawn alliance ahead of 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election And Joined United Democratic Front.^[91]
In March 2021, Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam broken the alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election.^[92]
In April 2021, Goa Forward Party withdrew from the NDA for a variety of reasons, ranging from environmental issues to BJP apathy towards unemployment.^[93]
In May 2021, NDA lost state elections of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal
In May 2021, NDA won state elections of Assam & Puducherry.
In May 2021, Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa led Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt) joined NDA.
In December 2021, Captain Amrinder Singh led Punjab Lok Congress joined NDA.

2022

In January 2022, Simarjit Singh Bains led Lok Insaaf Party joined NDA.
In January 2022, Simarjit Singh Bains led Lok Insaaf Party broken the alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.
Bodoland People's Front rejoined NDA.
NDA won the state elections of Uttar Pradesh, Goa, Uttarakhand & Manipur.
NDA lost the state elections of Punjab.
In June 2022 Shivsena leader Eknath Shinde along with rebel MLAs joined NDA and formed a government on 30 June 2022 with Shinde as Chief Minister of Maharashtra and BJP leader Devendra Fadnavis as Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra .
After Goa Assembly elections 2022 Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party extended support to NDA.
On 9 August 2022, Nitish Kumar led Janata Dal (United) has withdrawn from NDA.^[94]
On 19 September, Capt. Amrinder Singh led Punjab Lok Congress merged with BJP^[95]
NDA won state elections of Gujarat.
NDA lost the state elections of Himachal Pradesh.

2023

In February, BJP broke alliance with National People's Party to contest all seats in 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election^[96]
NDA won state elections in Tripura, Meghalaya and Nagaland.
NDA lost state election in Karnataka.
In June 2023 Hindustani Awam Morcha Joined NDA
In July 2023 MLAs from NCP led by Ajit Pawar joined NDA and Ajit Pawar took oath as the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra
In July 2023 Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party Joined NDA
In September 2023, Janata Dal (Secular) joined NDA^[97]
On 25 September 2023, AIADMK left the NDA alliance.^[98]^[99]^[100]
In December 2023, NDA made a record breaking victory in the decisive states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, routing the incumbent Congress. The NDA lost in Telangana.

2024

On 28 January 2024, Nitish Kumar led Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA by quitting Mahagathbandhan and I.N.D.I.A. Alliance. It formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and two Deputy Chief Ministers from BJP.^[101]
On 8 February 2024, Nationalist Congress Party officially enters the alliance after Election Commission of India recognitions it to be the legitimate party over the Sharad Pawar led faction.^[102]
On 9 February 2024, Rashtriya Lok Dal led by Jayant Singh entered the alliance after securing deal of two Lok Sabha seats in Uttar Pradesh with BJP.^[103]
On 7 March 2024, Tipra Motha Party joined NDA and two ministers sworn in Tripura Government.^[104]
On 9 March 2024, Telugu Desam Party rejoined NDA.^[105]

Notes

References

^ Ranjan, Prabhash (24 September 2020). "Narendra Modi's Nationalist-Populism in India and International Law". EJIL: Talk!. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
^ Pal, Amitabh (11 August 2022). "India at 75: How Modi's Rightwing Populism Threatens Democracy". Progressive.org. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
^ "National Democratic Alliance (NDA) | India, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
^ "About Topic". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
^ "National Democratic Alliance (NDA) | India, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
^ "Radical shifts: The changing trajectory of politics in West Bengal". 29 March 2021. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
^ "25 years of NDA: How BJP has made the alliance redundant". The Indian Express. 29 May 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
^ "BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority". The Times of India. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
^ Ramani, Srinivasan (23 May 2019). "Analysis: Highest-ever national vote share for the BJP". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
^ "President invites Narendra Modi to form government, oath ceremony on June 9". 7 June 2024.
^ "President appoints Narendra Modi as PM-designate; oath on Sunday evening". MSN.
^ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (5 June 2024). "Narendra Modi wins backing of allies to form Indian government". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
^ Sinha, Shishir (5 June 2024). "NDA elects Modi as leader, President dissolves Lok Sabha". BusinessLine. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
^ "From 'CEO CM' to kingmaker: You can't write off N. Chandrababu Naidu". The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
^ Keith Jones (9 October 1999). "Hindu chauvinist-led coalition to form India's next government". World Socialist Web Site. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
^ Sen, Amartya (2005). The Argumentative Indian. Penguin. p. 254.
^ "Rediff on the NeT: TDP helps Vajpayee wins confidence vote. BJP alliance with TDP for a short time for the domestic actionable need 2010 reflected with mass protest against TDP". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
^ Sen, Amartya (2005). The Argumentative Indian. Penguin.
^ Ramesh, Randeep (14 May 2004). "News World news Shock defeat for India's Hindu nationalists". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
^ "The Meaning of Verdict 2004". The Hindu. 14 May 2004. Archived from the original on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
^ "Live: It was time to remove Cong from Centre, not to break ties, says Rajnath". IBN Live. 16 June 2013. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
^ "NDA allies demand appointment of convener". The Times of India. 17 November 2019. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
^ "Nitish Kumar-led JD(U) passes resolution to join NDA". The Economy Times. 19 August 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ https://sansad.in/poi/state-legislatures
^ "List of Presidents of India since India became republic | My India". www.mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
^ Ramana, M. V.; Reddy, C. Rammanohar (2002). Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream. New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 169. ISBN 978-81-250-2477-4. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014.
^ Tyagi, Kavita; Misra, Padma (23 May 2011). Basic Technical Communication. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-203-4238-5. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ "'Kalam was real people's President'". Hindustan Times. Indo-Asian News Service. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (14 April 2007). "The people's President does it again". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ "PresidentofIndia". Presidents Secretariat. Government of India. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
^ "Former Vice Presidents". Vice President of India. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
^ "Here's the list of national parties in India now after Election Commission's rejig". India Today. 10 April 2023. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
^ "Andhra Pradesh elections: Chandrababu Naidu sweeps polls, but reforms yet to pay off". India Today. 25 October 1999. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
^ "Rediff On The NeT: Naidu says no to slice of government". m.rediff.com. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
^ SHARMA, NIDHI (18 February 2015). "Balancing act? TDP talks of leaving NDA if TRS joins the government". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
^ "TRS formally joins NDA fold". Hindustan Times. 10 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
^ "Discontent in TRS over joining NDA". India Today. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
^ "TRS denies joining NDA". India Today. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
^ "INLD joins NDA". Hindustan Times. 19 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
^ "NDA names Jaswant Singh as its vice-presidential candidate". 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
^ "Can Modi's magic help win BJP allies? Three southern parties to decide soon". Hindustan Times. 1 January 2014. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ "Setback to AAP plans as Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatana joins Sena-BJP led combine". The Economic Times. 7 January 2014. Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ "SSS joins NDA, threat to NCP". The Indian Express. 8 January 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ "LS polls: BJP joins hands with Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samata Party – IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 23 February 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ "Ram Vilas Paswan's LJP returns lo to NDA, to contest from 7 seats in Bihar". Zeenews.india.com. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ "LJP rejoins NDA, would contest 7 seats in Bihar in 2014 Elections". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
^ Panwar, Preeti (26 February 2014). "Confirmed: DMDK-BJP form alliance in Tamil Nadu for LS polls". News.oneindia.in. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ Dutta, Debjani (13 March 2014). "Rangasamy in NDA, Names Ex-Speaker as LS Candidate". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
^ "TDP back to NDA". The New Indian Express. 6 April 2014. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
^ "Shiv Sena to stay in NDA: Shiv Sena". THE CITY NEWS. Archived from the original on 2 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
^ "BJP clinches deal with AJSU in Jharkhand". Archived from the original on 4 November 2014.
^ "JK govt formation: PM Modi to attend swearing in of PDP-BJP govt led by Mufti Sayeed". The Indian Express. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
^ "BJP forms alliance with Bodoland Peoples' Front for Assam elections". The Times of India. 17 January 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
^ Alok Pandey; Ketki Angre; Sandeep Phukan (4 March 2016). "BJP Teams Up With Asom Gana Parishad For Assam Polls". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
^ Radhakrishnan Kuttoor (10 August 2015). "Kerala BJP to ride the Dharma Jana Sena". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
^ "After Pema Khandu's suspension, Takam Pario to be new Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, PPA Chairman says". The Times of India. 30 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
^ "Takam Pario likely to be Arunachal CM in 2017 after PPA suspendsKhandu". 30 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
^ "Takam Pario, the richest Arunachal MLA, may replace Pema Khandu as CM". 30 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
^ "Khandu wins musical chairs game for BJP". January 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
^ "Shifting to BJP, Pema Khandu drops 3 ministers, 2 advisors, 5 parliamentary secretaries". 3 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
^ "MGP-Sena-GSM form grand alliance to contest Goa polls". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
^ "Goa Election 2017: Manohar Parrikar resigns as defence minister, to be sworn-in as CM at 5 pm Tuesday". 13 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ "Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar Likely To Return To Goa As Chief Minister". Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ "With Bihar in their pocket, Narendra Modi and Amit Shah have conquered the Hindi heartland". 27 July 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
^ Yunus Y. Lasania; Gyan Varma (16 March 2018). "TDP walks the talk, formally exits NDA". mint. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
^ Mathew, Liz; Janyala, Sreenivas (17 March 2018). "TDP leaves NDA amid dissent within, Chandrababu Naidu says PM has no time for allies". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
^ "5 Reasons Why Chandrababu Naidu Exited NDA Government". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
^ "Upendra Kushwaha leaves NDA, resigns as minister". Asian News International. 10 December 2018. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
^ "What is behind BJP's new alliance-hunting spree | India News – Times of India". The Times of India. 13 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
^ "Sadabhau Khot demands one seat from BJP to contest against Raju Shetti". Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
^ "Full list of candidates of AIADMK-BJP alliance from Tamil Nadu for LS polls". 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
^ "RLP joins NDA in R'sthan". 5 April 2019. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
^ "Lok Sabha polls 2019: Boost to BJP as Nishad Party joins NDA". 5 April 2019. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
^ "JJP joins hands with BJP to form government in Haryana, to have deputy CM". Business Standard India. 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
^ "BJP loses its oldest ally Shiv Sena". The Economic Times. 12 November 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
^ Mohan, Archis (15 November 2019). "BJP, AJSU sever ties in Jharkhand days before Assembly elections". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
^ "Pawan Kalyan's Jana Sena ties up with BJP in Andhra Pradesh". indiatvnews. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Pawan Kayan-led Jana Sena and BJP announce alliance in Andhra". livemint. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Jana Sena, BJP tie up in Andhra, vow to emerge as alternative to YSRCP, TDP". hindustantimes. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Merger of Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik), a recognized State Party in the State of Jharkhand with the Bharatiya Janata Party". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Jharkhand Vikas Morcha Prajatantrik To Merge With BJP On February 17: Babulal Marandi". ndtv. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Babulal Marandi announces merger of JVM(P) and BJP on Feb. 17". The Hindu. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Jharkhand Vikas Morcha pleases BJP, keeps out rebel MLAs from panel". newindianexpress. 19 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "As Babulal Marandi goes back to BJP, his JVM-P MLAs join Congress". www.timesnownews.com. Election Commission of India. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
^ "Gorkha Janmukti Morcha quits NDA". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ "Jolt to NDA as P C Thomas' Kerala Congress to quit alliance, likely to join UDF". The Print. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ "Bodoland People's Front severs ties with BJP". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ "Assam Guv accepts claim of UPPL-BJP-GSP for BTC executive". The Outlook India. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ "After Fractured Poll Results, BJP To Back Hardliner In Assam's Bodoland". The Outlook India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ ""Won't Stand With Anyone Against Farmers": Rajasthan Ally Ditches BJP". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ "Had never left the NDA, clarifies PC Thomas". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ "Vijayakanth's DMDK Quits Alliance With AIADMK As Seat Sharing Talks Fail". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ Vaktania, Saurabh (14 April 2021). "Goa Forward Party withdraws from BJP-led National Democratic Alliance". India Today. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
^ "Nitish Kumar rejoins Grand Alliance in Bihar after quitting NDA for the second time". Scroll.in. 9 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
^ Sanjeev Verma (16 September 2022). "Former Punjab CM Captain Amarinder Singh to merge his PLC with BJP on September 19". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
^ "BJP Broke Alliance In Meghalaya To Contest All Seats: Amit Shah". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
^ "In boost to BJP, JD(S) joins NDA ahead of 2024 Lok Sabha polls". 22 September 2023. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
^ "AIADMK severs ties with BJP-led NDA alliance, to lead separate front for 2024 Lok Sabha polls". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
^ "AIADMK severs ties with BJP-led NDA; to form front to fight 2024 LS polls". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
^ "AIADMK snaps ties with BJP-led NDA alliance ahead of 2024 Lok Sabha polls". The Indian Express. 25 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
^ "Bihar Government political crisis: Nitish Kumar takes oath as Bihar Chief Minister". The Hindu. 28 January 2024. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
^ "NCP's Ajit Pawar faction distributes sweets in Pune after ECI recognition, Sharad Pawar loyalists attack BJP over split". The Indian Express. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
^ "'Nothing left to deny': Jayant Chaudhary on BJP tie-up after Bharat Ratna move". India Today. 9 February 2024. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
^ "Tipra Motha to join BJP-led govt in Tripura days after signing tripartite pact". Deccan Herald.
^ "BJP, TDP, Jana Sena have come to understanding for alliance in upcoming polls". Economic Times. 9 March 2024. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

External links

NDA – overview – Encyclopædia Britannica

[1] Ranjan, Prabhash (24 September 2020). "Narendra Modi's Nationalist-Populism in India and International Law". EJIL: Talk!. Retrieved 27 August 2024.

[2] Pal, Amitabh (11 August 2022). "India at 75: How Modi's Rightwing Populism Threatens Democracy". Progressive.org. Retrieved 27 August 2024.

[3] "National Democratic Alliance (NDA) | India, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.

[4] "About Topic". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2022.

[5] "National Democratic Alliance (NDA) | India, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.

[Right-6] "Radical shifts: The changing trajectory of politics in West Bengal". 29 March 2021. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.

[7] "25 years of NDA: How BJP has made the alliance redundant". The Indian Express. 29 May 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.

[8] "BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority". The Times of India. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2015.

[9] Ramani, Srinivasan (23 May 2019). "Analysis: Highest-ever national vote share for the BJP". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.

[10] "President invites Narendra Modi to form government, oath ceremony on June 9". 7 June 2024.

[11] "President appoints Narendra Modi as PM-designate; oath on Sunday evening". MSN.

[12] Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (5 June 2024). "Narendra Modi wins backing of allies to form Indian government". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.

[13] Sinha, Shishir (5 June 2024). "NDA elects Modi as leader, President dissolves Lok Sabha". BusinessLine. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.

[14] "From 'CEO CM' to kingmaker: You can't write off N. Chandrababu Naidu". The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.

[WSWS-15] Keith Jones (9 October 1999). "Hindu chauvinist-led coalition to form India's next government". World Socialist Web Site. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

[16] Sen, Amartya (2005). The Argumentative Indian. Penguin. p. 254.

[17] "Rediff on the NeT: TDP helps Vajpayee wins confidence vote. BJP alliance with TDP for a short time for the domestic actionable need 2010 reflected with mass protest against TDP". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

[Sen_2005-18] Sen, Amartya (2005). The Argumentative Indian. Penguin.

[Ramesh-19] Ramesh, Randeep (14 May 2004). "News World news Shock defeat for India's Hindu nationalists". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2013.

[Editorial-20] "The Meaning of Verdict 2004". The Hindu. 14 May 2004. Archived from the original on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2013.

[21] "Live: It was time to remove Cong from Centre, not to break ties, says Rajnath". IBN Live. 16 June 2013. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.

[22] "NDA allies demand appointment of convener". The Times of India. 17 November 2019. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.

[23] "Nitish Kumar-led JD(U) passes resolution to join NDA". The Economy Times. 19 August 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.

[24] ttps://sansad.in/poi/state-legislatures

[25] "List of Presidents of India since India became republic | My India". www.mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[26] Ramana, M. V.; Reddy, C. Rammanohar (2002). Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream. New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 169. ISBN 978-81-250-2477-4. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014.

[Misra-27] Tyagi, Kavita; Misra, Padma (23 May 2011). Basic Technical Communication. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-203-4238-5. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[28] "'Kalam was real people's President'". Hindustan Times. Indo-Asian News Service. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[29] Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (14 April 2007). "The people's President does it again". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

[30] "PresidentofIndia". Presidents Secretariat. Government of India. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[31] "Former Vice Presidents". Vice President of India. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

[32] "Here's the list of national parties in India now after Election Commission's rejig". India Today. 10 April 2023. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.

[33] "Andhra Pradesh elections: Chandrababu Naidu sweeps polls, but reforms yet to pay off". India Today. 25 October 1999. Retrieved 9 October 2024.

[34] "Rediff On The NeT: Naidu says no to slice of government". m.rediff.com. Retrieved 9 October 2024.

[35] SHARMA, NIDHI (18 February 2015). "Balancing act? TDP talks of leaving NDA if TRS joins the government". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 9 October 2024.

[36] "TRS formally joins NDA fold". Hindustan Times. 10 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

[37] "Discontent in TRS over joining NDA". India Today. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

[38] "TRS denies joining NDA". India Today. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

[39] "INLD joins NDA". Hindustan Times. 19 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

[40] "NDA names Jaswant Singh as its vice-presidential candidate". 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.

[41] "Can Modi's magic help win BJP allies? Three southern parties to decide soon". Hindustan Times. 1 January 2014. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[42] "Setback to AAP plans as Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatana joins Sena-BJP led combine". The Economic Times. 7 January 2014. Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[43] "SSS joins NDA, threat to NCP". The Indian Express. 8 January 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[44] "LS polls: BJP joins hands with Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samata Party – IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 23 February 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[45] "Ram Vilas Paswan's LJP returns lo to NDA, to contest from 7 seats in Bihar". Zeenews.india.com. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[46] "LJP rejoins NDA, would contest 7 seats in Bihar in 2014 Elections". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.

[47] Panwar, Preeti (26 February 2014). "Confirmed: DMDK-BJP form alliance in Tamil Nadu for LS polls". News.oneindia.in. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[Dutta-48] Dutta, Debjani (13 March 2014). "Rangasamy in NDA, Names Ex-Speaker as LS Candidate". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[49] "TDP back to NDA". The New Indian Express. 6 April 2014. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.

[50] "Shiv Sena to stay in NDA: Shiv Sena". THE CITY NEWS. Archived from the original on 2 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.

[51] "BJP clinches deal with AJSU in Jharkhand". Archived from the original on 4 November 2014.

[52] "JK govt formation: PM Modi to attend swearing in of PDP-BJP govt led by Mufti Sayeed". The Indian Express. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.

[53] "BJP forms alliance with Bodoland Peoples' Front for Assam elections". The Times of India. 17 January 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.

[54] Alok Pandey; Ketki Angre; Sandeep Phukan (4 March 2016). "BJP Teams Up With Asom Gana Parishad For Assam Polls". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.

[55] Radhakrishnan Kuttoor (10 August 2015). "Kerala BJP to ride the Dharma Jana Sena". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2016.

[56] "After Pema Khandu's suspension, Takam Pario to be new Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, PPA Chairman says". The Times of India. 30 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

[57] "Takam Pario likely to be Arunachal CM in 2017 after PPA suspendsKhandu". 30 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

[58] "Takam Pario, the richest Arunachal MLA, may replace Pema Khandu as CM". 30 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

[59] "Khandu wins musical chairs game for BJP". January 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

[60] "Shifting to BJP, Pema Khandu drops 3 ministers, 2 advisors, 5 parliamentary secretaries". 3 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

[61] "MGP-Sena-GSM form grand alliance to contest Goa polls". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

[62] "Goa Election 2017: Manohar Parrikar resigns as defence minister, to be sworn-in as CM at 5 pm Tuesday". 13 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[63] "Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar Likely To Return To Goa As Chief Minister". Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

[bjpindia18-64] "With Bihar in their pocket, Narendra Modi and Amit Shah have conquered the Hindi heartland". 27 July 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.

[65] Yunus Y. Lasania; Gyan Varma (16 March 2018). "TDP walks the talk, formally exits NDA". mint. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

[66] Mathew, Liz; Janyala, Sreenivas (17 March 2018). "TDP leaves NDA amid dissent within, Chandrababu Naidu says PM has no time for allies". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.

[67] "5 Reasons Why Chandrababu Naidu Exited NDA Government". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

[68] "Upendra Kushwaha leaves NDA, resigns as minister". Asian News International. 10 December 2018. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.

[69] "What is behind BJP's new alliance-hunting spree | India News – Times of India". The Times of India. 13 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.

[70] "Sadabhau Khot demands one seat from BJP to contest against Raju Shetti". Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.

[71] "Full list of candidates of AIADMK-BJP alliance from Tamil Nadu for LS polls". 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.

[72] "RLP joins NDA in R'sthan". 5 April 2019. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2019.

[73] "Lok Sabha polls 2019: Boost to BJP as Nishad Party joins NDA". 5 April 2019. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.

[74] "JJP joins hands with BJP to form government in Haryana, to have deputy CM". Business Standard India. 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.

[75] "BJP loses its oldest ally Shiv Sena". The Economic Times. 12 November 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2019.

[76] Mohan, Archis (15 November 2019). "BJP, AJSU sever ties in Jharkhand days before Assembly elections". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2019.

[77] "Pawan Kalyan's Jana Sena ties up with BJP in Andhra Pradesh". indiatvnews. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[78] "Pawan Kayan-led Jana Sena and BJP announce alliance in Andhra". livemint. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[79] "Jana Sena, BJP tie up in Andhra, vow to emerge as alternative to YSRCP, TDP". hindustantimes. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[80] "Merger of Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik), a recognized State Party in the State of Jharkhand with the Bharatiya Janata Party". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[81] "Jharkhand Vikas Morcha Prajatantrik To Merge With BJP On February 17: Babulal Marandi". ndtv. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[82] "Babulal Marandi announces merger of JVM(P) and BJP on Feb. 17". The Hindu. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[83] "Jharkhand Vikas Morcha pleases BJP, keeps out rebel MLAs from panel". newindianexpress. 19 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[84] "As Babulal Marandi goes back to BJP, his JVM-P MLAs join Congress". www.timesnownews.com. Election Commission of India. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[85] "Gorkha Janmukti Morcha quits NDA". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[86] "Jolt to NDA as P C Thomas' Kerala Congress to quit alliance, likely to join UDF". The Print. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[87] "Bodoland People's Front severs ties with BJP". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[88] "Assam Guv accepts claim of UPPL-BJP-GSP for BTC executive". The Outlook India. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[89] "After Fractured Poll Results, BJP To Back Hardliner In Assam's Bodoland". The Outlook India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[90] ""Won't Stand With Anyone Against Farmers": Rajasthan Ally Ditches BJP". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[91] "Had never left the NDA, clarifies PC Thomas". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[92] "Vijayakanth's DMDK Quits Alliance With AIADMK As Seat Sharing Talks Fail". The Print. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

[auto-93] Vaktania, Saurabh (14 April 2021). "Goa Forward Party withdraws from BJP-led National Democratic Alliance". India Today. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2021.

[quit-nda-2022-94] "Nitish Kumar rejoins Grand Alliance in Bihar after quitting NDA for the second time". Scroll.in. 9 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.

[95] Sanjeev Verma (16 September 2022). "Former Punjab CM Captain Amarinder Singh to merge his PLC with BJP on September 19". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2022.

[96] "BJP Broke Alliance In Meghalaya To Contest All Seats: Amit Shah". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.

[97] "In boost to BJP, JD(S) joins NDA ahead of 2024 Lok Sabha polls". 22 September 2023. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.

[98] "AIADMK severs ties with BJP-led NDA alliance, to lead separate front for 2024 Lok Sabha polls". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.

[99] "AIADMK severs ties with BJP-led NDA; to form front to fight 2024 LS polls". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 25 September 2023.

[100] "AIADMK snaps ties with BJP-led NDA alliance ahead of 2024 Lok Sabha polls". The Indian Express. 25 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.

[101] "Bihar Government political crisis: Nitish Kumar takes oath as Bihar Chief Minister". The Hindu. 28 January 2024. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.

[102] "NCP's Ajit Pawar faction distributes sweets in Pune after ECI recognition, Sharad Pawar loyalists attack BJP over split". The Indian Express. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

[103] "'Nothing left to deny': Jayant Chaudhary on BJP tie-up after Bharat Ratna move". India Today. 9 February 2024. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

[104] "Tipra Motha to join BJP-led govt in Tripura days after signing tripartite pact". Deccan Herald.

[105] "BJP, TDP, Jana Sena have come to understanding for alliance in upcoming polls". Economic Times. 9 March 2024. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

v t e Political parties in India
National parties	Aam Aadmi Party Bahujan Samaj Party Bharatiya Janata Party Communist Party of India (Marxist) Indian National Congress National People's Party
State parties	AJSU Party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam All India Forward Bloc All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen All India N.R. Congress All India Trinamool Congress All India United Democratic Front Apna Dal (Soneylal) Asom Gana Parishad Bharat Rashtra Samithi Biju Janata Dal Bodoland People's Front Communist Party of India Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Goa Forward Party Hill State People's Democratic Party Indian National Lok Dal Indian Union Muslim League Indigenous People's Front of Tripura Jammu and Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party Janasena Party Janata Dal (Secular) Janata Dal (United) Jannayak Janta Party Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J) Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Kerala Congress (M) Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party Mizo National Front Naam Tamilar Katchi Naga People's Front Nationalist Congress Party Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party People's Party of Arunachal People's Democratic Front Rashtriya Janata Dal Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Revolutionary Goans Party Revolutionary Socialist Party Samajwadi Party Shiromani Akali Dal Shiv Sena Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Telugu Desam Party Tipra Motha Party United Democratic Party United People's Party, Liberal Voice of the People Party Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party Zoram Nationalist Party Zoram People's Movement
Unrecognized parties	Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi All India Rajakulathor Peravai Ambedkarite Party of India Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam Gana Suraksha Party Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) Apna Dal Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) Bahujan Mukti Party Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh Bharatiya Tribal Party Communist Marxist Party Congress (Secular) Democratic Azad Party Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra) Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi Goa Vikas Party Gondwana Ganatantra Party Gorkha Janmukti Morcha Hamro Sikkim Party Hindustan Janta Party Hindustani Awam Morcha Ikkjutt Jammu Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi Indian National League Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik) Jannayak Janta Party Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik) Jebamani Janata Jharkhand Party Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai) Kerala Congress (Jacob) Kerala Congress (Thomas) Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi Lok Insaaf Party Loktantrik Janata Dal Mahan Dal Makkal Needhi Maiam Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Marxist Co-ordination Committee National Secular Conference NISHAD Party Pattali Makkal Katchi Puratchi Bharatham Katchi Puthiya Needhi Katchi Puthiya Tamilagam Raijor Dal Rashtriya Lok Morcha Rashtriya Samaj Paksha Republican Party of India (Athawale) Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik) Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) Shiv Sangram Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic) Sikkim National People's Party Social Democratic Party of India Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party Swabhimani Paksha Swatantra Bharat Paksh Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi Telangana Jana Samithi Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance United Goans Democratic Party Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi Vikassheel Insaan Party Welfare Party of India